2343 lines
118 KiB
XML
2343 lines
118 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?>
|
||
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
|
||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
|
||
<!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" >
|
||
%entities;
|
||
]>
|
||
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
|
||
|
||
<refentry id="systemctl"
|
||
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
|
||
|
||
<refentryinfo>
|
||
<title>systemctl</title>
|
||
<productname>systemd</productname>
|
||
</refentryinfo>
|
||
|
||
<refmeta>
|
||
<refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle>
|
||
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
|
||
</refmeta>
|
||
|
||
<refnamediv>
|
||
<refname>systemctl</refname>
|
||
<refpurpose>Control the systemd system and service manager</refpurpose>
|
||
</refnamediv>
|
||
|
||
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
<cmdsynopsis>
|
||
<command>systemctl</command>
|
||
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg>
|
||
<arg choice="plain">COMMAND</arg>
|
||
<arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">UNIT</arg>
|
||
</cmdsynopsis>
|
||
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Description</title>
|
||
|
||
<para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to introspect and
|
||
control the state of the <literal>systemd</literal> system and
|
||
service manager. Please refer to
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for an introduction into the basic concepts and functionality this
|
||
tool manages.</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Commands</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
|
||
|
||
<refsect2>
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||
<title>Unit Commands (Introspection and Modification)</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>list-units</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>List units that <command>systemd</command> currently has in memory. This includes units that are
|
||
either referenced directly or through a dependency, units that are pinned by applications programmatically,
|
||
or units that were active in the past and have failed. By default only units which are active, have pending
|
||
jobs, or have failed are shown; this can be changed with option <option>--all</option>. If one or more
|
||
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only units matching one of them are shown. The units
|
||
that are shown are additionally filtered by <option>--type=</option> and <option>--state=</option> if those
|
||
options are specified.</para>
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||
|
||
<para>Produces output similar to
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||
<programlisting> UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
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sys-module-fuse.device loaded active plugged /sys/module/fuse
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||
-.mount loaded active mounted Root Mount
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||
boot-efi.mount loaded active mounted /boot/efi
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||
systemd-journald.service loaded active running Journal Service
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||
systemd-logind.service loaded active running Login Service
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||
● user@1000.service loaded failed failed User Manager for UID 1000
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||
…
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||
systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer loaded active waiting Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories
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||
|
||
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
|
||
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
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||
SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
|
||
|
||
123 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
|
||
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
|
||
</programlisting>
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||
The header and the last unit of a given type are underlined if the
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||
terminal supports that. A colored dot is shown next to services which
|
||
were masked, not found, or otherwise failed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The LOAD column shows the load state, one of <constant>loaded</constant>,
|
||
<constant>not-found</constant>, <constant>bad-setting</constant>, <constant>error</constant>,
|
||
<constant>masked</constant>. The ACTIVE columns shows the general unit state, one of
|
||
<constant>active</constant>, <constant>reloading</constant>, <constant>inactive</constant>,
|
||
<constant>failed</constant>, <constant>activating</constant>, <constant>deactivating</constant>. The SUB
|
||
column shows the unit-type-specific detailed state of the unit, possible values vary by unit type. The list
|
||
of possible LOAD, ACTIVE, and SUB states is not constant and new systemd releases may both add and remove
|
||
values. <programlisting>systemctl --state=help</programlisting> command maybe be used to display the
|
||
current set of possible values.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This is the default command.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>list-sockets</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>List socket units currently in memory, ordered by listening address. If one or more
|
||
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only socket units matching one of them are
|
||
shown. Produces output similar to
|
||
<programlisting>
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||
LISTEN UNIT ACTIVATES
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||
/dev/initctl systemd-initctl.socket systemd-initctl.service
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||
…
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||
[::]:22 sshd.socket sshd.service
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||
kobject-uevent 1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service
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||
|
||
5 sockets listed.</programlisting>
|
||
Note: because the addresses might contains spaces, this output
|
||
is not suitable for programmatic consumption.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Also see <option>--show-types</option>, <option>--all</option>, and <option>--state=</option>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>list-timers</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>List timer units currently in memory, ordered by the time they elapse next. If one or more
|
||
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only units matching one of them are shown.
|
||
Produces output similar to
|
||
<programlisting>
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||
NEXT LEFT LAST PASSED UNIT ACTIVATES
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||
n/a n/a Thu 2017-02-23 13:40:29 EST 3 days ago ureadahead-stop.timer ureadahead-stop.service
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||
Sun 2017-02-26 18:55:42 EST 1min 14s left Thu 2017-02-23 13:54:44 EST 3 days ago systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
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||
Sun 2017-02-26 20:37:16 EST 1h 42min left Sun 2017-02-26 11:56:36 EST 6h ago apt-daily.timer apt-daily.service
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||
Sun 2017-02-26 20:57:49 EST 2h 3min left Sun 2017-02-26 11:56:36 EST 6h ago snapd.refresh.timer snapd.refresh.service
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||
</programlisting>
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||
</para>
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||
|
||
<para><emphasis>NEXT</emphasis> shows the next time the timer will run.</para>
|
||
<para><emphasis>LEFT</emphasis> shows how long till the next time the timer runs.</para>
|
||
<para><emphasis>LAST</emphasis> shows the last time the timer ran.</para>
|
||
<para><emphasis>PASSED</emphasis> shows how long has passed since the timer last ran.</para>
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||
<para><emphasis>UNIT</emphasis> shows the name of the timer</para>
|
||
<para><emphasis>ACTIVATES</emphasis> shows the name the service the timer activates when it runs.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Also see <option>--all</option> and <option>--state=</option>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>is-active <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Check whether any of the specified units are active
|
||
(i.e. running). Returns an exit code
|
||
<constant>0</constant> if at least one is active, or
|
||
non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is
|
||
specified, this will also print the current unit state to
|
||
standard output.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
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||
<term><command>is-failed <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Check whether any of the specified units are in a
|
||
"failed" state. Returns an exit code
|
||
<constant>0</constant> if at least one has failed,
|
||
non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is
|
||
specified, this will also print the current unit state to
|
||
standard output.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>status</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>…]</optional></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Show terse runtime status information about one or
|
||
more units, followed by most recent log data from the
|
||
journal. If no units are specified, show system status. If
|
||
combined with <option>--all</option>, also show the status of
|
||
all units (subject to limitations specified with
|
||
<option>-t</option>). If a PID is passed, show information
|
||
about the unit the process belongs to.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This function is intended to generate human-readable
|
||
output. If you are looking for computer-parsable output,
|
||
use <command>show</command> instead. By default, this
|
||
function only shows 10 lines of output and ellipsizes
|
||
lines to fit in the terminal window. This can be changed
|
||
with <option>--lines</option> and <option>--full</option>,
|
||
see above. In addition, <command>journalctl
|
||
--unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> or
|
||
<command>journalctl
|
||
--user-unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> use
|
||
a similar filter for messages and might be more
|
||
convenient.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>systemd implicitly loads units as necessary, so just running the <command>status</command> will
|
||
attempt to load a file. The command is thus not useful for determining if something was already loaded or
|
||
not. The units may possibly also be quickly unloaded after the operation is completed if there's no reason
|
||
to keep it in memory thereafter.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<example>
|
||
<title>Example output from systemctl status </title>
|
||
|
||
<programlisting>$ systemctl status bluetooth
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||
● bluetooth.service - Bluetooth service
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||
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/bluetooth.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
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||
Active: active (running) since Wed 2017-01-04 13:54:04 EST; 1 weeks 0 days ago
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||
Docs: man:bluetoothd(8)
|
||
Main PID: 930 (bluetoothd)
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||
Status: "Running"
|
||
Tasks: 1
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||
Memory: 648.0K
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||
CPU: 435ms
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||
CGroup: /system.slice/bluetooth.service
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||
└─930 /usr/lib/bluetooth/bluetoothd
|
||
|
||
Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: Not enough free handles to register service
|
||
Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: Current Time Service could not be registered
|
||
Jan 12 10:46:45 example.com bluetoothd[8900]: gatt-time-server: Input/output error (5)
|
||
</programlisting>
|
||
|
||
<para>The dot ("●") uses color on supported terminals to summarize the unit state at a glance. White
|
||
indicates an <literal>inactive</literal> or <literal>deactivating</literal> state. Red indicates a
|
||
<literal>failed</literal> or <literal>error</literal> state and green indicates an
|
||
<literal>active</literal>, <literal>reloading</literal> or <literal>activating</literal> state.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The "Loaded:" line in the output will show <literal>loaded</literal> if the unit has been loaded into
|
||
memory. Other possible values for "Loaded:" include: <literal>error</literal> if there was a problem
|
||
loading it, <literal>not-found</literal> if no unit file was found for this unit,
|
||
<literal>bad-setting</literal> if an essential unit file setting could not be parsed and
|
||
<literal>masked</literal> if the unit file has been masked. Along with showing the path to the unit file,
|
||
this line will also show the enablement state. Enabled commands start at boot. See the full table of
|
||
possible enablement states — including the definition of <literal>masked</literal> — in the documentation
|
||
for the <command>is-enabled</command> command.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The "Active:" line shows active state. The value is usually <literal>active</literal> or
|
||
<literal>inactive</literal>. Active could mean started, bound, plugged in, etc depending on the unit type.
|
||
The unit could also be in process of changing states, reporting a state of <literal>activating</literal> or
|
||
<literal>deactivating</literal>. A special <literal>failed</literal> state is entered when the service
|
||
failed in some way, such as a crash, exiting with an error code or timing out. If the failed state is
|
||
entered the cause will be logged for later reference.</para>
|
||
</example>
|
||
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>show</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…|<replaceable>JOB</replaceable>…</optional></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Show properties of one or more units, jobs, or the manager itself. If no argument is specified,
|
||
properties of the manager will be shown. If a unit name is specified, properties of the unit are shown, and
|
||
if a job ID is specified, properties of the job are shown. By default, empty properties are suppressed. Use
|
||
<option>--all</option> to show those too. To select specific properties to show, use
|
||
<option>--property=</option>. This command is intended to be used whenever computer-parsable output is
|
||
required. Use <command>status</command> if you are looking for formatted human-readable output.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Many properties shown by <command>systemctl show</command> map directly to configuration settings of
|
||
the system and service manager and its unit files. Note that the properties shown by the command are
|
||
generally more low-level, normalized versions of the original configuration settings and expose runtime
|
||
state in addition to configuration. For example, properties shown for service units include the service's
|
||
current main process identifier as <literal>MainPID</literal> (which is runtime state), and time settings
|
||
are always exposed as properties ending in the <literal>…USec</literal> suffix even if a matching
|
||
configuration options end in <literal>…Sec</literal>, because microseconds is the normalized time unit used
|
||
internally by the system and service manager.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For details about many of these properties, see the documentation of the D-Bus interface
|
||
backing these properties, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.systemd1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>cat <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Show backing files of one or more units. Prints the
|
||
"fragment" and "drop-ins" (source files) of units. Each
|
||
file is preceded by a comment which includes the file
|
||
name. Note that this shows the contents of the backing files
|
||
on disk, which may not match the system manager's
|
||
understanding of these units if any unit files were
|
||
updated on disk and the <command>daemon-reload</command>
|
||
command wasn't issued since.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>help <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Show manual pages for one or more units, if
|
||
available. If a PID is given, the manual pages for the unit
|
||
the process belongs to are shown.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>
|
||
<command>list-dependencies</command>
|
||
<optional><replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>...</optional>
|
||
</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Shows units required and wanted by the specified
|
||
units. This recursively lists units following the
|
||
<varname>Requires=</varname>,
|
||
<varname>Requisite=</varname>,
|
||
<varname>ConsistsOf=</varname>,
|
||
<varname>Wants=</varname>, <varname>BindsTo=</varname>
|
||
dependencies. If no units are specified,
|
||
<filename>default.target</filename> is implied.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>By default, only target units are recursively
|
||
expanded. When <option>--all</option> is passed, all other
|
||
units are recursively expanded as well.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Options <option>--reverse</option>,
|
||
<option>--after</option>, <option>--before</option>
|
||
may be used to change what types of dependencies
|
||
are shown.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that this command only lists units currently loaded into memory by the service manager. In
|
||
particular, this command is not suitable to get a comprehensive list at all reverse dependencies on a
|
||
specific unit, as it won't list the dependencies declared by units currently not loaded.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<!-- Commands that modify unit state start here -->
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>start <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Start (activate) one or more units specified on the command line.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that unit glob patterns expand to names of units currently in memory. Units which are
|
||
not active and are not in a failed state usually are not in memory, and will not be matched by
|
||
any pattern. In addition, in case of instantiated units, systemd is often unaware of the instance
|
||
name until the instance has been started. Therefore, using glob patterns with
|
||
<command>start</command> has limited usefulness. Also, secondary alias names of units are not
|
||
considered.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Option <option>--all</option> may be used to also operate on inactive units which are
|
||
referenced by other loaded units. Note that this is not the same as operating on "all" possible
|
||
units, because as the previous paragraph describes, such a list is ill-defined. Nevertheless,
|
||
<command>systemctl start --all <replaceable>GLOB</replaceable></command> may be useful if all the
|
||
units that should match the pattern are pulled in by some target which is known to be loaded.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>stop <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Stop (deactivate) one or more units specified on the command line.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command will fail if the unit does not exist or if stopping of the unit is prohibited (see
|
||
<varname>RefuseManualStop=</varname> in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
|
||
It will <emphasis>not</emphasis> fail if any of the commands configured to stop the unit
|
||
(<varname>ExecStop=</varname>, etc.) fail, because the manager will still forcibly terminate the
|
||
unit.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>reload <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Asks all units listed on the command line to reload
|
||
their configuration. Note that this will reload the
|
||
service-specific configuration, not the unit configuration
|
||
file of systemd. If you want systemd to reload the
|
||
configuration file of a unit, use the
|
||
<command>daemon-reload</command> command. In other words:
|
||
for the example case of Apache, this will reload Apache's
|
||
<filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the web server, not the
|
||
<filename>apache.service</filename> systemd unit
|
||
file.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command should not be confused with the
|
||
<command>daemon-reload</command> command.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Stop and then start one or more units specified on the command line. If the units are not running
|
||
yet, they will be started.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that restarting a unit with this command does not necessarily flush out all of the unit's
|
||
resources before it is started again. For example, the per-service file descriptor storage facility (see
|
||
<varname>FileDescriptorStoreMax=</varname> in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>) will
|
||
remain intact as long as the unit has a job pending, and is only cleared when the unit is fully stopped and
|
||
no jobs are pending anymore. If it is intended that the file descriptor store is flushed out, too, during a
|
||
restart operation an explicit <command>systemctl stop</command> command followed by <command>systemctl
|
||
start</command> should be issued.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>try-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Stop and then start one or more units specified on the
|
||
command line if the units are running. This does nothing
|
||
if units are not running.</para>
|
||
<!-- Note that we don't document condrestart here, as that is just compatibility support, and we generally
|
||
don't document that. -->
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>reload-or-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not, stop and then start them instead. If the units
|
||
are not running yet, they will be started.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>try-reload-or-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not, stop and then start them instead. This does
|
||
nothing if the units are not running.</para>
|
||
<!-- Note that we don't document force-reload here, as that is just compatibility support, and we generally
|
||
don't document that. -->
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>isolate <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Start the unit specified on the command line and its dependencies
|
||
and stop all others, unless they have
|
||
<option>IgnoreOnIsolate=yes</option> (see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
|
||
If a unit name with no extension is given, an extension of
|
||
<literal>.target</literal> will be assumed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command is dangerous, since it will immediately stop processes that are not enabled in
|
||
the new target, possibly including the graphical environment or terminal you are currently using.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that this is allowed only on units where
|
||
<option>AllowIsolate=</option> is enabled. See
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>kill <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Send a signal to one or more processes of the
|
||
unit. Use <option>--kill-who=</option> to select which
|
||
process to kill. Use <option>--signal=</option> to select
|
||
the signal to send.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>clean <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Remove the configuration, state, cache, logs or runtime data of the specified units. Use
|
||
<option>--what=</option> to select which kind of resource to remove. For service units this may
|
||
be used to remove the directories configured with <varname>ConfigurationDirectory=</varname>,
|
||
<varname>StateDirectory=</varname>, <varname>CacheDirectory=</varname>,
|
||
<varname>LogsDirectory=</varname> and <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname>, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details. For timer units this may be used to clear out the persistent timestamp data if
|
||
<varname>Persistent=</varname> is used and <option>--what=state</option> is selected, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. This
|
||
command only applies to units that use either of these settings. If <option>--what=</option> is
|
||
not specified, both the cache and runtime data are removed (as these two types of data are
|
||
generally redundant and reproducible on the next invocation of the unit).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>freeze <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Freeze one or more units specified on the
|
||
command line using cgroup freezer</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Freezing the unit will cause all processes contained within the cgroup corresponding to the unit
|
||
to be suspended. Being suspended means that unit's processes won't be scheduled to run on CPU until thawed.
|
||
Note that this command is supported only on systems that use unified cgroup hierarchy. Unit is automatically
|
||
thawed just before we execute a job against the unit, e.g. before the unit is stopped.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>thaw <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Thaw (unfreeze) one or more units specified on the
|
||
command line.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This is the inverse operation to the <command>freeze</command> command and resumes the execution of
|
||
processes in the unit's cgroup.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>set-property <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> <replaceable>PROPERTY</replaceable>=<replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Set the specified unit properties at runtime where
|
||
this is supported. This allows changing configuration
|
||
parameter properties such as resource control settings at
|
||
runtime. Not all properties may be changed at runtime, but
|
||
many resource control settings (primarily those in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
|
||
may. The changes are applied immediately, and stored on disk
|
||
for future boots, unless <option>--runtime</option> is
|
||
passed, in which case the settings only apply until the
|
||
next reboot. The syntax of the property assignment follows
|
||
closely the syntax of assignments in unit files.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Example: <command>systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUWeight=200</command></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the specified unit appears to be inactive, the
|
||
changes will be only stored on disk as described
|
||
previously hence they will be effective when the unit will
|
||
be started.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that this command allows changing multiple properties at the same time, which is
|
||
preferable over setting them individually.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Example: <command>systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUWeight=200 MemoryMax=2G IPAccounting=yes</command></para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Like with unit file configuration settings, assigning an empty setting usually resets a
|
||
property to its defaults.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Example: <command>systemctl set-property avahi-daemon.service IPAddressDeny=</command></para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>service-log-level</command> <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> [<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>If the <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> argument is not given, print the current
|
||
log level as reported by service <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the optional argument <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is provided, then change the
|
||
current log level of the service to <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable>. The log level should be a
|
||
typical syslog log level, i.e. a value in the range 0…7 or one of the strings
|
||
<constant>emerg</constant>, <constant>alert</constant>, <constant>crit</constant>,
|
||
<constant>err</constant>, <constant>warning</constant>, <constant>notice</constant>,
|
||
<constant>info</constant>, <constant>debug</constant>; see <citerefentry
|
||
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The service must have the appropriate
|
||
<varname>BusName=<replaceable>destination</replaceable></varname> property and also implement the
|
||
generic
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.LogControl1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
interface. (<filename>systemctl</filename> will use the generic D-Bus protocol to access the
|
||
<interfacename>org.freedesktop.LogControl1.LogLevel</interfacename> interface for the D-Bus name
|
||
<replaceable>destination</replaceable>.)</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>service-log-target</command> <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable> [<replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>If the <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> argument is not given, print the current
|
||
log target as reported by service <replaceable>SERVICE</replaceable>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the optional argument <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> is provided, then change the
|
||
current log target of the service to <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>. The log target should be
|
||
one of the strings <constant>console</constant> (for log output to the service's standard error
|
||
stream), <constant>kmsg</constant> (for log output to the kernel log buffer),
|
||
<constant>journal</constant> (for log output to
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
using the native journal protocol), <constant>syslog</constant> (for log output to the classic
|
||
syslog socket <filename>/dev/log</filename>), <constant>null</constant> (for no log output
|
||
whatsoever) or <constant>auto</constant> (for an automatically determined choice, typically
|
||
equivalent to <constant>console</constant> if the service is invoked interactively, and
|
||
<constant>journal</constant> or <constant>syslog</constant> otherwise).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For most services, only a small subset of log targets make sense. In particular, most
|
||
"normal" services should only implement <constant>console</constant>, <constant>journal</constant>,
|
||
and <constant>null</constant>. Anything else is only appropriate for low-level services that
|
||
are active in very early boot before proper logging is established.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The service must have the appropriate
|
||
<varname>BusName=<replaceable>destination</replaceable></varname> property and also implement the
|
||
generic
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>org.freedesktop.LogControl1</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
interface. (<filename>systemctl</filename> will use the generic D-Bus protocol to access the
|
||
<interfacename>org.freedesktop.LogControl1.LogLevel</interfacename> interface for the D-Bus name
|
||
<replaceable>destination</replaceable>.)</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>reset-failed [<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…]</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Reset the <literal>failed</literal> state of the specified units, or if no unit name is passed, reset
|
||
the state of all units. When a unit fails in some way (i.e. process exiting with non-zero error code,
|
||
terminating abnormally or timing out), it will automatically enter the <literal>failed</literal> state and
|
||
its exit code and status is recorded for introspection by the administrator until the service is
|
||
stopped/re-started or reset with this command.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>In addition to resetting the <literal>failed</literal> state of a unit it also resets various other
|
||
per-unit properties: the start rate limit counter of all unit types is reset to zero, as is the restart
|
||
counter of service units. Thus, if a unit's start limit (as configured with
|
||
<varname>StartLimitIntervalSec=</varname>/<varname>StartLimitBurst=</varname>) is hit and the unit refuses
|
||
to be started again, use this command to make it startable again.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect2>
|
||
|
||
<refsect2>
|
||
<title>Unit File Commands</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>list-unit-files</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN…</replaceable></optional></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>List unit files installed on the system, in combination with their enablement state (as reported by
|
||
<command>is-enabled</command>). If one or more <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only unit
|
||
files whose name matches one of them are shown (patterns matching unit file system paths are not
|
||
supported).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>enable <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
<term><command>enable <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Enable one or more units or unit instances. This will create a set of symlinks, as encoded in the
|
||
[Install] sections of the indicated unit files. After the symlinks have been created,
|
||
the system manager configuration is reloaded (in a way equivalent to <command>daemon-reload</command>), in
|
||
order to ensure the changes are taken into account immediately. Note that this does
|
||
<emphasis>not</emphasis> have the effect of also starting any of the units being enabled. If this is
|
||
desired, combine this command with the <option>--now</option> switch, or invoke <command>start</command>
|
||
with appropriate arguments later. Note that in case of unit instance enablement (i.e. enablement of units of
|
||
the form <filename>foo@bar.service</filename>), symlinks named the same as instances are created in the
|
||
unit configuration directory, however they point to the single template unit file they are instantiated
|
||
from.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command expects either valid unit names (in which case various unit file directories are
|
||
automatically searched for unit files with appropriate names), or absolute paths to unit files (in which
|
||
case these files are read directly). If a specified unit file is located outside of the usual unit file
|
||
directories, an additional symlink is created, linking it into the unit configuration path, thus ensuring
|
||
it is found when requested by commands such as <command>start</command>. The file system where the linked
|
||
unit files are located must be accessible when systemd is started (e.g. anything underneath
|
||
<filename>/home/</filename> or <filename>/var/</filename> is not allowed, unless those directories are
|
||
located on the root file system).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command will print the file system operations executed. This output may be suppressed by passing
|
||
<option>--quiet</option>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that this operation creates only the symlinks suggested in the [Install]
|
||
section of the unit files. While this command is the recommended way to manipulate the unit configuration
|
||
directory, the administrator is free to make additional changes manually by placing or removing symlinks
|
||
below this directory. This is particularly useful to create configurations that deviate from the suggested
|
||
default installation. In this case, the administrator must make sure to invoke
|
||
<command>daemon-reload</command> manually as necessary, in order to ensure the changes are taken into
|
||
account.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Enabling units should not be confused with starting (activating) units, as done by the
|
||
<command>start</command> command. Enabling and starting units is orthogonal: units may be enabled without
|
||
being started and started without being enabled. Enabling simply hooks the unit into various suggested
|
||
places (for example, so that the unit is automatically started on boot or when a particular kind of
|
||
hardware is plugged in). Starting actually spawns the daemon process (in case of service units), or binds
|
||
the socket (in case of socket units), and so on.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Depending on whether <option>--system</option>, <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option>,
|
||
or <option>--global</option> is specified, this enables the unit for the system, for the calling user only,
|
||
for only this boot of the system, or for all future logins of all users. Note that in the last case, no
|
||
systemd daemon configuration is reloaded.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Using <command>enable</command> on masked units is not supported and results in an error.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>disable <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Disables one or more units. This removes all symlinks to the unit files backing the specified units
|
||
from the unit configuration directory, and hence undoes any changes made by <command>enable</command> or
|
||
<command>link</command>. Note that this removes <emphasis>all</emphasis> symlinks to matching unit files,
|
||
including manually created symlinks, and not just those actually created by <command>enable</command> or
|
||
<command>link</command>. Note that while <command>disable</command> undoes the effect of
|
||
<command>enable</command>, the two commands are otherwise not symmetric, as <command>disable</command> may
|
||
remove more symlinks than a prior <command>enable</command> invocation of the same unit created.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept paths to unit files.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>In addition to the units specified as arguments, all units are disabled that are listed in the
|
||
<varname>Also=</varname> setting contained in the [Install] section of any of the unit
|
||
files being operated on.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command implicitly reloads the system manager configuration after completing the operation. Note
|
||
that this command does not implicitly stop the units that are being disabled. If this is desired, either
|
||
combine this command with the <option>--now</option> switch, or invoke the <command>stop</command> command
|
||
with appropriate arguments later.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command will print information about the file system operations (symlink removals)
|
||
executed. This output may be suppressed by passing <option>--quiet</option>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command honors <option>--system</option>, <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option>
|
||
and <option>--global</option> in a similar way as <command>enable</command>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>reenable <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Reenable one or more units, as specified on the command line. This is a combination of
|
||
<command>disable</command> and <command>enable</command> and is useful to reset the symlinks a unit file is
|
||
enabled with to the defaults configured in its [Install] section. This command expects
|
||
a unit name only, it does not accept paths to unit files.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>preset <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Reset the enable/disable status one or more unit files, as specified on
|
||
the command line, to the defaults configured in the preset policy files. This
|
||
has the same effect as <command>disable</command> or
|
||
<command>enable</command>, depending how the unit is listed in the preset
|
||
files.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control whether units shall be
|
||
enabled and disabled, or only enabled, or only disabled.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the unit carries no install information, it will be silently ignored
|
||
by this command. <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> must be the real unit name,
|
||
any alias names are ignored silently.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For more information on the preset policy format, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
For more information on the concept of presets, please consult the
|
||
<ulink url="https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset</ulink>
|
||
document.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>preset-all</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Resets all installed unit files to the defaults
|
||
configured in the preset policy file (see above).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control
|
||
whether units shall be enabled and disabled, or only
|
||
enabled, or only disabled.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>is-enabled <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Checks whether any of the specified unit files are
|
||
enabled (as with <command>enable</command>). Returns an
|
||
exit code of 0 if at least one is enabled, non-zero
|
||
otherwise. Prints the current enable status (see table).
|
||
To suppress this output, use <option>--quiet</option>.
|
||
To show installation targets, use <option>--full</option>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<table>
|
||
<title>
|
||
<command>is-enabled</command> output
|
||
</title>
|
||
|
||
<tgroup cols='3'>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry>Name</entry>
|
||
<entry>Description</entry>
|
||
<entry>Exit Code</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>enabled</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry morerows='1'>Enabled via <filename>.wants/</filename>, <filename>.requires/</filename> or <varname>Alias=</varname> symlinks (permanently in <filename>/etc/systemd/system/</filename>, or transiently in <filename>/run/systemd/system/</filename>).</entry>
|
||
<entry morerows='1'>0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>enabled-runtime</literal></entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>linked</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry morerows='1'>Made available through one or more symlinks to the unit file (permanently in <filename>/etc/systemd/system/</filename> or transiently in <filename>/run/systemd/system/</filename>), even though the unit file might reside outside of the unit file search path.</entry>
|
||
<entry morerows='1'>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>linked-runtime</literal></entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>alias</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry>The name is an alias (symlink to another unit file).</entry>
|
||
<entry>0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>masked</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry morerows='1'>Completely disabled, so that any start operation on it fails (permanently in <filename>/etc/systemd/system/</filename> or transiently in <filename>/run/systemd/systemd/</filename>).</entry>
|
||
<entry morerows='1'>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>masked-runtime</literal></entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>static</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry>The unit file is not enabled, and has no provisions for enabling in the [Install] unit file section.</entry>
|
||
<entry>0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>indirect</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry>The unit file itself is not enabled, but it has a non-empty <varname>Also=</varname> setting in the [Install] unit file section, listing other unit files that might be enabled, or it has an alias under a different name through a symlink that is not specified in <varname>Also=</varname>. For template unit files, an instance different than the one specified in <varname>DefaultInstance=</varname> is enabled.</entry>
|
||
<entry>0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>disabled</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry>The unit file is not enabled, but contains an [Install] section with installation instructions.</entry>
|
||
<entry>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>generated</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry>The unit file was generated dynamically via a generator tool. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Generated unit files may not be enabled, they are enabled implicitly by their generator.</entry>
|
||
<entry>0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>transient</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry>The unit file has been created dynamically with the runtime API. Transient units may not be enabled.</entry>
|
||
<entry>0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><literal>bad</literal></entry>
|
||
<entry>The unit file is invalid or another error occurred. Note that <command>is-enabled</command> will not actually return this state, but print an error message instead. However the unit file listing printed by <command>list-unit-files</command> might show it.</entry>
|
||
<entry>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</tgroup>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>mask <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Mask one or more units, as specified on the command line. This will link these unit files to
|
||
<filename>/dev/null</filename>, making it impossible to start them. This is a stronger version of
|
||
<command>disable</command>, since it prohibits all kinds of activation of the unit, including enablement
|
||
and manual activation. Use this option with care. This honors the <option>--runtime</option> option to only
|
||
mask temporarily until the next reboot of the system. The <option>--now</option> option may be used to
|
||
ensure that the units are also stopped. This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept unit
|
||
file paths.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>unmask <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Unmask one or more unit files, as specified on the command line. This will undo the effect of
|
||
<command>mask</command>. This command expects valid unit names only, it does not accept unit file
|
||
paths.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>link <replaceable>PATH</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Link a unit file that is not in the unit file search paths into the unit file search path. This
|
||
command expects an absolute path to a unit file. The effect of this may be undone with
|
||
<command>disable</command>. The effect of this command is that a unit file is made available for commands
|
||
such as <command>start</command>, even though it is not installed directly in the unit search path. The
|
||
file system where the linked unit files are located must be accessible when systemd is started
|
||
(e.g. anything underneath <filename>/home/</filename> or <filename>/var/</filename> is not allowed, unless
|
||
those directories are located on the root file system).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>revert <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Revert one or more unit files to their vendor versions. This command removes drop-in configuration
|
||
files that modify the specified units, as well as any user-configured unit file that overrides a matching
|
||
vendor supplied unit file. Specifically, for a unit <literal>foo.service</literal> the matching directories
|
||
<literal>foo.service.d/</literal> with all their contained files are removed, both below the persistent and
|
||
runtime configuration directories (i.e. below <filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename> and
|
||
<filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>); if the unit file has a vendor-supplied version (i.e. a unit file
|
||
located below <filename>/usr/</filename>) any matching persistent or runtime unit file that overrides it is
|
||
removed, too. Note that if a unit file has no vendor-supplied version (i.e. is only defined below
|
||
<filename>/etc/systemd/system</filename> or <filename>/run/systemd/system</filename>, but not in a unit
|
||
file stored below <filename>/usr/</filename>), then it is not removed. Also, if a unit is masked, it is
|
||
unmasked.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Effectively, this command may be used to undo all changes made with <command>systemctl
|
||
edit</command>, <command>systemctl set-property</command> and <command>systemctl mask</command> and puts
|
||
the original unit file with its settings back in effect.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>add-wants <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>
|
||
<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
<term><command>add-requires <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>
|
||
<replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Adds <literal>Wants=</literal> or <literal>Requires=</literal>
|
||
dependencies, respectively, to the specified
|
||
<replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> for one or more units. </para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command honors <option>--system</option>,
|
||
<option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option> and
|
||
<option>--global</option> in a way similar to
|
||
<command>enable</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>edit <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Edit a drop-in snippet or a whole replacement file if
|
||
<option>--full</option> is specified, to extend or override the
|
||
specified unit.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Depending on whether <option>--system</option> (the default),
|
||
<option>--user</option>, or <option>--global</option> is specified,
|
||
this command creates a drop-in file for each unit either for the system,
|
||
for the calling user, or for all futures logins of all users. Then,
|
||
the editor (see the "Environment" section below) is invoked on
|
||
temporary files which will be written to the real location if the
|
||
editor exits successfully.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If <option>--full</option> is specified, this will copy the
|
||
original units instead of creating drop-in files.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If <option>--force</option> is specified and any units do
|
||
not already exist, new unit files will be opened for editing.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If <option>--runtime</option> is specified, the changes will
|
||
be made temporarily in <filename>/run/</filename> and they will be
|
||
lost on the next reboot.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the temporary file is empty upon exit, the modification of
|
||
the related unit is canceled.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>After the units have been edited, systemd configuration is
|
||
reloaded (in a way that is equivalent to <command>daemon-reload</command>).
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that this command cannot be used to remotely edit units
|
||
and that you cannot temporarily edit units which are in
|
||
<filename>/etc/</filename>, since they take precedence over
|
||
<filename>/run/</filename>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>get-default</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Return the default target to boot into. This returns
|
||
the target unit name <filename>default.target</filename>
|
||
is aliased (symlinked) to.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>set-default <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Set the default target to boot into. This sets
|
||
(symlinks) the <filename>default.target</filename> alias
|
||
to the given target unit.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect2>
|
||
|
||
<refsect2>
|
||
<title>Machine Commands</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>list-machines</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…</optional></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>List the host and all running local containers with
|
||
their state. If one or more
|
||
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
|
||
containers matching one of them are shown.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect2>
|
||
|
||
<refsect2>
|
||
<title>Job Commands</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>list-jobs <optional><replaceable>PATTERN…</replaceable></optional></command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>List jobs that are in progress. If one or more
|
||
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
|
||
jobs for units matching one of them are shown.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When combined with <option>--after</option> or <option>--before</option> the list is augmented with
|
||
information on which other job each job is waiting for, and which other jobs are waiting for it, see
|
||
above.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>cancel <replaceable>JOB</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Cancel one or more jobs specified on the command line
|
||
by their numeric job IDs. If no job ID is specified, cancel
|
||
all pending jobs.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect2>
|
||
|
||
<refsect2>
|
||
<title>Environment Commands</title>
|
||
|
||
<para><command>systemd</command> supports an environment block that is passed to processes the manager
|
||
spawns. The names of the variables can contain ASCII letters, digits, and the underscore
|
||
character. Variable names cannot be empty or start with a digit. In variable values, most characters
|
||
are allowed, but non-printable characters are currently rejected. The total length of the environment
|
||
block is limited to <constant>_SC_ARG_MAX</constant> value defined by
|
||
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>sysconf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>show-environment</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Dump the systemd manager environment block. This is the environment
|
||
block that is passed to all processes the manager spawns. The environment
|
||
block will be dumped in straight-forward form suitable for sourcing into
|
||
most shells. If no special characters or whitespace is present in the variable
|
||
values, no escaping is performed, and the assignments have the form
|
||
<literal>VARIABLE=value</literal>. If whitespace or characters which have
|
||
special meaning to the shell are present, dollar-single-quote escaping is
|
||
used, and assignments have the form <literal>VARIABLE=$'value'</literal>.
|
||
This syntax is known to be supported by
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>bash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>zsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ksh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
and
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>busybox</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>ash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
but not
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>dash</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
or
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>fish</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>set-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE=VALUE</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Set one or more systemd manager environment variables, as specified on the command
|
||
line. This command will fail if variable names and values do not conform to the rules listed
|
||
above.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>unset-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable>…</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Unset one or more systemd manager environment
|
||
variables. If only a variable name is specified, it will be
|
||
removed regardless of its value. If a variable and a value
|
||
are specified, the variable is only removed if it has the
|
||
specified value.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term>
|
||
<command>import-environment</command>
|
||
<replaceable>VARIABLE…</replaceable>
|
||
</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Import all, one or more environment variables set on the client into the systemd manager
|
||
environment block. If a list of environment variable names is passed, client-side values are then
|
||
imported into the manager's environment block. If any names are not valid environment variable
|
||
names or have invalid values according to the rules described above, an error is raised. If no
|
||
arguments are passed, the entire environment block inherited by the <command>systemctl</command>
|
||
process is imported. In this mode, any inherited invalid environment variables are quietly
|
||
ignored.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Importing of the full inherited environment block (calling this command without any
|
||
arguments) is deprecated. A shell will set dozens of variables which only make sense locally and
|
||
are only meant for processes which are descendants of the shell. Such variables in the global
|
||
environment block are confusing to other processes.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect2>
|
||
|
||
<refsect2>
|
||
<title>Manager State Commands</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Reload the systemd manager configuration. This will
|
||
rerun all generators (see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>),
|
||
reload all unit files, and recreate the entire dependency
|
||
tree. While the daemon is being reloaded, all sockets
|
||
systemd listens on behalf of user configuration will stay
|
||
accessible.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>This command should not be confused with the
|
||
<command>reload</command> command.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Reexecute the systemd manager. This will serialize the
|
||
manager state, reexecute the process and deserialize the
|
||
state again. This command is of little use except for
|
||
debugging and package upgrades. Sometimes, it might be
|
||
helpful as a heavy-weight <command>daemon-reload</command>.
|
||
While the daemon is being reexecuted, all sockets systemd listening
|
||
on behalf of user configuration will stay accessible.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry id='log-level'>
|
||
<term><command>log-level</command> [<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>If no argument is given, print the current log level of the manager. If an
|
||
optional argument <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is provided, then the command changes the
|
||
current log level of the manager to <replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> (accepts the same values as
|
||
<option>--log-level=</option> described in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>log-target</command> [<replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>If no argument is given, print the current log target of the manager. If an
|
||
optional argument <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> is provided, then the command changes the
|
||
current log target of the manager to <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> (accepts the same values as
|
||
<option>--log-target=</option>, described in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>service-watchdogs</command> [yes|no]</term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>If no argument is given, print the current state of service runtime watchdogs of
|
||
the manager. If an optional boolean argument is provided, then globally enables or disables the
|
||
service runtime watchdogs (<option>WatchdogSec=</option>) and emergency actions (e.g.
|
||
<option>OnFailure=</option> or <option>StartLimitAction=</option>); see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
The hardware watchdog is not affected by this setting.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect2>
|
||
|
||
<refsect2>
|
||
<title>System Commands</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>is-system-running</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Checks whether the system is operational. This
|
||
returns success (exit code 0) when the system is fully up
|
||
and running, specifically not in startup, shutdown or
|
||
maintenance mode, and with no failed services. Failure is
|
||
returned otherwise (exit code non-zero). In addition, the
|
||
current state is printed in a short string to standard
|
||
output, see the table below. Use <option>--quiet</option> to
|
||
suppress this output.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Use <option>--wait</option> to wait until the boot
|
||
process is completed before printing the current state and
|
||
returning the appropriate error status. If <option>--wait</option>
|
||
is in use, states <varname>initializing</varname> or
|
||
<varname>starting</varname> will not be reported, instead
|
||
the command will block until a later state (such as
|
||
<varname>running</varname> or <varname>degraded</varname>)
|
||
is reached.</para>
|
||
|
||
<table>
|
||
<title><command>is-system-running</command> output</title>
|
||
<tgroup cols='3'>
|
||
<colspec colname='name'/>
|
||
<colspec colname='description'/>
|
||
<colspec colname='exit-code'/>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry>Name</entry>
|
||
<entry>Description</entry>
|
||
<entry>Exit Code</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><varname>initializing</varname></entry>
|
||
<entry><para>Early bootup, before
|
||
<filename>basic.target</filename> is reached
|
||
or the <varname>maintenance</varname> state entered.
|
||
</para></entry>
|
||
<entry>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><varname>starting</varname></entry>
|
||
<entry><para>Late bootup, before the job queue
|
||
becomes idle for the first time, or one of the
|
||
rescue targets are reached.</para></entry>
|
||
<entry>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><varname>running</varname></entry>
|
||
<entry><para>The system is fully
|
||
operational.</para></entry>
|
||
<entry>0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><varname>degraded</varname></entry>
|
||
<entry><para>The system is operational but one or more
|
||
units failed.</para></entry>
|
||
<entry>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><varname>maintenance</varname></entry>
|
||
<entry><para>The rescue or emergency target is
|
||
active.</para></entry>
|
||
<entry>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><varname>stopping</varname></entry>
|
||
<entry><para>The manager is shutting
|
||
down.</para></entry>
|
||
<entry>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><varname>offline</varname></entry>
|
||
<entry><para>The manager is not
|
||
running. Specifically, this is the operational
|
||
state if an incompatible program is running as
|
||
system manager (PID 1).</para></entry>
|
||
<entry>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><varname>unknown</varname></entry>
|
||
<entry><para>The operational state could not be
|
||
determined, due to lack of resources or another
|
||
error cause.</para></entry>
|
||
<entry>> 0</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</tgroup>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>default</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Enter default mode. This is equivalent to <command>systemctl isolate default.target</command>. This
|
||
operation is blocking by default, use <option>--no-block</option> to request asynchronous behavior.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>rescue</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Enter rescue mode. This is equivalent to <command>systemctl isolate rescue.target</command>. This
|
||
operation is blocking by default, use <option>--no-block</option> to request asynchronous behavior.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>emergency</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Enter emergency mode. This is equivalent to <command>systemctl isolate
|
||
emergency.target</command>. This operation is blocking by default, use <option>--no-block</option> to
|
||
request asynchronous behavior.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>halt</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Shut down and halt the system. This is mostly equivalent to <command>systemctl start halt.target
|
||
--job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>, but also prints a wall message to all users. This command is
|
||
asynchronous; it will return after the halt operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to complete. Note
|
||
that this operation will simply halt the OS kernel after shutting down, leaving the hardware powered
|
||
on. Use <command>systemctl poweroff</command> for powering off the system (see below).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all
|
||
processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the
|
||
system halt. If <option>--force</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without
|
||
terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when
|
||
<option>--force</option> is specified twice the halt operation is executed by <command>systemctl</command>
|
||
itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should succeed even when the system
|
||
manager has crashed.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>poweroff</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Shut down and power-off the system. This is mostly equivalent to <command>systemctl start
|
||
poweroff.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>, but also prints a wall message to all
|
||
users. This command is asynchronous; it will return after the power-off operation is enqueued, without
|
||
waiting for it to complete.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all
|
||
processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the
|
||
powering off. If <option>--force</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without
|
||
terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when
|
||
<option>--force</option> is specified twice the power-off operation is executed by
|
||
<command>systemctl</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
|
||
succeed even when the system manager has crashed.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>reboot</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Shut down and reboot the system. This is mostly equivalent to <command>systemctl start reboot.target
|
||
--job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>, but also prints a wall message to all users. This
|
||
command is asynchronous; it will return after the reboot operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to
|
||
complete.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all
|
||
processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the
|
||
reboot. If <option>--force</option> is specified twice, the operation is immediately executed without
|
||
terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. This may result in data loss. Note that when
|
||
<option>--force</option> is specified twice the reboot operation is executed by
|
||
<command>systemctl</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
|
||
succeed even when the system manager has crashed.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If the switch <option>--reboot-argument=</option> is given, it will be passed as the optional
|
||
argument to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reboot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
system call.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>kexec</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Shut down and reboot the system via <command>kexec</command>. This is equivalent to
|
||
<command>systemctl start kexec.target --job-mode=replace-irreversibly --no-block</command>. This command is
|
||
asynchronous; it will return after the reboot operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to
|
||
complete.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If combined with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is skipped, however all
|
||
processes are killed and all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately followed by the
|
||
reboot.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>exit</command> <optional><replaceable>EXIT_CODE</replaceable></optional></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Ask the service manager to quit. This is only supported for user service managers (i.e. in
|
||
conjunction with the <option>--user</option> option) or in containers and is equivalent to
|
||
<command>poweroff</command> otherwise. This command is asynchronous; it will return after the exit
|
||
operation is enqueued, without waiting for it to complete.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>The service manager will exit with the specified exit code, if
|
||
<replaceable>EXIT_CODE</replaceable> is passed.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>switch-root</command> <replaceable>ROOT</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>INIT</replaceable></optional></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Switches to a different root directory and executes a new system manager process below it. This is
|
||
intended for usage in initial RAM disks ("initrd"), and will transition from the initrd's system manager
|
||
process (a.k.a. "init" process) to the main system manager process which is loaded from the actual host
|
||
volume. This call takes two arguments: the directory that is to become the new root directory, and the path
|
||
to the new system manager binary below it to execute as PID 1. If the latter is omitted or the empty
|
||
string, a systemd binary will automatically be searched for and used as init. If the system manager path is
|
||
omitted, equal to the empty string or identical to the path to the systemd binary, the state of the
|
||
initrd's system manager process is passed to the main system manager, which allows later introspection of
|
||
the state of the services involved in the initrd boot phase.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>suspend</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Suspend the system. This will trigger activation of the special target unit
|
||
<filename>suspend.target</filename>. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the suspend
|
||
operation is successfully enqueued. It will not wait for the suspend/resume cycle to complete.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>hibernate</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Hibernate the system. This will trigger activation of the special target unit
|
||
<filename>hibernate.target</filename>. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hibernation
|
||
operation is successfully enqueued. It will not wait for the hibernate/thaw cycle to complete.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>hybrid-sleep</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Hibernate and suspend the system. This will trigger activation of the special target unit
|
||
<filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>. This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hybrid
|
||
sleep operation is successfully enqueued. It will not wait for the sleep/wake-up cycle to complete.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><command>suspend-then-hibernate</command></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Suspend the system and hibernate it after the delay specified in <filename>systemd-sleep.conf</filename>.
|
||
This will trigger activation of the special target unit <filename>suspend-then-hibernate.target</filename>.
|
||
This command is asynchronous, and will return after the hybrid sleep operation is successfully enqueued.
|
||
It will not wait for the sleep/wake-up or hibernate/thaw cycle to complete.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect2>
|
||
|
||
<refsect2>
|
||
<title>Parameter Syntax</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Unit commands listed above take either a single unit name (designated as <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable>),
|
||
or multiple unit specifications (designated as <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>…). In the first case, the
|
||
unit name with or without a suffix must be given. If the suffix is not specified (unit name is "abbreviated"),
|
||
systemctl will append a suitable suffix, <literal>.service</literal> by default, and a type-specific suffix in
|
||
case of commands which operate only on specific unit types. For example,
|
||
<programlisting># systemctl start sshd</programlisting> and
|
||
<programlisting># systemctl start sshd.service</programlisting>
|
||
are equivalent, as are
|
||
<programlisting># systemctl isolate default</programlisting>
|
||
and
|
||
<programlisting># systemctl isolate default.target</programlisting>
|
||
Note that (absolute) paths to device nodes are automatically converted to device unit names, and other (absolute)
|
||
paths to mount unit names.
|
||
<programlisting># systemctl status /dev/sda
|
||
# systemctl status /home</programlisting>
|
||
are equivalent to:
|
||
<programlisting># systemctl status dev-sda.device
|
||
# systemctl status home.mount</programlisting>
|
||
In the second case, shell-style globs will be matched against the primary names of all units currently in memory;
|
||
literal unit names, with or without a suffix, will be treated as in the first case. This means that literal unit
|
||
names always refer to exactly one unit, but globs may match zero units and this is not considered an
|
||
error.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Glob patterns use
|
||
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fnmatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
so normal shell-style globbing rules are used, and
|
||
<literal>*</literal>, <literal>?</literal>,
|
||
<literal>[]</literal> may be used. See
|
||
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for more details. The patterns are matched against the primary names of
|
||
units currently in memory, and patterns which do not match anything
|
||
are silently skipped. For example:
|
||
<programlisting># systemctl stop sshd@*.service</programlisting>
|
||
will stop all <filename>sshd@.service</filename> instances. Note that alias names of units, and units that aren't
|
||
in memory are not considered for glob expansion.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For unit file commands, the specified <replaceable>UNIT</replaceable> should be the name of the unit file
|
||
(possibly abbreviated, see above), or the absolute path to the unit file:
|
||
<programlisting># systemctl enable foo.service</programlisting>
|
||
or
|
||
<programlisting># systemctl link /path/to/foo.service</programlisting>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</refsect2>
|
||
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Options</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>The following options are understood:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-t</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--type=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit
|
||
types such as <option>service</option> and
|
||
<option>socket</option>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If one of the arguments is a unit type, when listing
|
||
units, limit display to certain unit types. Otherwise, units
|
||
of all types will be shown.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>As a special case, if one of the arguments is
|
||
<option>help</option>, a list of allowed values will be
|
||
printed and the program will exit.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--state=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit
|
||
LOAD, SUB, or ACTIVE states. When listing units, show only
|
||
those in the specified states. Use <option>--state=failed</option>
|
||
to show only failed units.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>As a special case, if one of the arguments is
|
||
<option>help</option>, a list of allowed values will be
|
||
printed and the program will exit.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-p</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--property=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When showing unit/job/manager properties with the
|
||
<command>show</command> command, limit display to properties
|
||
specified in the argument. The argument should be a
|
||
comma-separated list of property names, such as
|
||
<literal>MainPID</literal>. Unless specified, all known
|
||
properties are shown. If specified more than once, all
|
||
properties with the specified names are shown. Shell
|
||
completion is implemented for property names.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>For the manager itself,
|
||
<command>systemctl show</command> will show all available
|
||
properties. Those properties are documented in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Properties for units vary by unit type, so showing any
|
||
unit (even a non-existent one) is a way to list properties
|
||
pertaining to this type. Similarly, showing any job will list
|
||
properties pertaining to all jobs. Properties for units are
|
||
documented in
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
and the pages for individual unit types
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
etc.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-P</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Equivalent to <option>--value</option> <option>--property=</option>, i.e. shows the
|
||
value of the property without the property name or <literal>=</literal>. Note that using
|
||
<option>-P</option> once will also affect all properties listed with
|
||
<option>-p</option>/<option>--property=</option>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-a</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--all</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When listing units with <command>list-units</command>, also show inactive units and
|
||
units which are following other units. When showing unit/job/manager properties, show all
|
||
properties regardless whether they are set or not.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>To list all units installed in the file system, use the
|
||
<command>list-unit-files</command> command instead.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When listing units with <command>list-dependencies</command>, recursively show
|
||
dependencies of all dependent units (by default only dependencies of target units are
|
||
shown).</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When used with <command>status</command>, show journal messages in full, even if they include
|
||
unprintable characters or are very long. By default, fields with unprintable characters are
|
||
abbreviated as "blob data". (Note that the pager may escape unprintable characters again.)</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-r</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--recursive</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When listing units, also show units of local
|
||
containers. Units of local containers will be prefixed with
|
||
the container name, separated by a single colon character
|
||
(<literal>:</literal>).</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--reverse</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Show reverse dependencies between units with
|
||
<command>list-dependencies</command>, i.e. follow
|
||
dependencies of type <varname>WantedBy=</varname>,
|
||
<varname>RequiredBy=</varname>,
|
||
<varname>PartOf=</varname>, <varname>BoundBy=</varname>,
|
||
instead of <varname>Wants=</varname> and similar.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--after</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
|
||
units that are ordered before the specified unit. In other
|
||
words, recursively list units following the
|
||
<varname>After=</varname> dependency.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Note that any <varname>After=</varname> dependency is
|
||
automatically mirrored to create a
|
||
<varname>Before=</varname> dependency. Temporal dependencies
|
||
may be specified explicitly, but are also created implicitly
|
||
for units which are <varname>WantedBy=</varname> targets
|
||
(see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>),
|
||
and as a result of other directives (for example
|
||
<varname>RequiresMountsFor=</varname>). Both explicitly
|
||
and implicitly introduced dependencies are shown with
|
||
<command>list-dependencies</command>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When passed to the <command>list-jobs</command> command, for each printed job show which other jobs are
|
||
waiting for it. May be combined with <option>--before</option> to show both the jobs waiting for each job as
|
||
well as all jobs each job is waiting for.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--before</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
|
||
units that are ordered after the specified unit. In other
|
||
words, recursively list units following the
|
||
<varname>Before=</varname> dependency.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When passed to the <command>list-jobs</command> command, for each printed job show which other jobs it
|
||
is waiting for. May be combined with <option>--after</option> to show both the jobs waiting for each job as
|
||
well as all jobs each job is waiting for.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--with-dependencies</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>status</command>,
|
||
<command>cat</command>, <command>list-units</command>, and
|
||
<command>list-unit-files</command>, those commands print all
|
||
specified units and the dependencies of those units.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Options <option>--reverse</option>,
|
||
<option>--after</option>, <option>--before</option>
|
||
may be used to change what types of dependencies
|
||
are shown.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-l</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--full</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Do not ellipsize unit names, process tree entries,
|
||
journal output, or truncate unit descriptions in the output
|
||
of <command>status</command>, <command>list-units</command>,
|
||
<command>list-jobs</command>, and
|
||
<command>list-timers</command>.</para>
|
||
<para>Also, show installation targets in the output of
|
||
<command>is-enabled</command>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--value</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When printing properties with <command>show</command>, only print the value, and skip the
|
||
property name and <literal>=</literal>. Also see option <option>-P</option> above.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--show-types</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When showing sockets, show the type of the socket.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--job-mode=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When queuing a new job, this option controls how to deal with
|
||
already queued jobs. It takes one of <literal>fail</literal>,
|
||
<literal>replace</literal>,
|
||
<literal>replace-irreversibly</literal>,
|
||
<literal>isolate</literal>,
|
||
<literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>,
|
||
<literal>ignore-requirements</literal>,
|
||
<literal>flush</literal>, or
|
||
<literal>triggering</literal>. Defaults to
|
||
<literal>replace</literal>, except when the
|
||
<command>isolate</command> command is used which implies the
|
||
<literal>isolate</literal> job mode.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If <literal>fail</literal> is specified and a requested
|
||
operation conflicts with a pending job (more specifically:
|
||
causes an already pending start job to be reversed into a stop
|
||
job or vice versa), cause the operation to fail.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If <literal>replace</literal> (the default) is
|
||
specified, any conflicting pending job will be replaced, as
|
||
necessary.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If <literal>replace-irreversibly</literal> is specified,
|
||
operate like <literal>replace</literal>, but also mark the new
|
||
jobs as irreversible. This prevents future conflicting
|
||
transactions from replacing these jobs (or even being enqueued
|
||
while the irreversible jobs are still pending). Irreversible
|
||
jobs can still be cancelled using the <command>cancel</command>
|
||
command. This job mode should be used on any transaction which
|
||
pulls in <filename>shutdown.target</filename>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><literal>isolate</literal> is only valid for start
|
||
operations and causes all other units to be stopped when the
|
||
specified unit is started. This mode is always used when the
|
||
<command>isolate</command> command is used.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><literal>flush</literal> will cause all queued jobs to
|
||
be canceled when the new job is enqueued.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>If <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal> is specified,
|
||
then all unit dependencies are ignored for this new job and
|
||
the operation is executed immediately. If passed, no required
|
||
units of the unit passed will be pulled in, and no ordering
|
||
dependencies will be honored. This is mostly a debugging and
|
||
rescue tool for the administrator and should not be used by
|
||
applications.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><literal>ignore-requirements</literal> is similar to
|
||
<literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>, but only causes the
|
||
requirement dependencies to be ignored, the ordering
|
||
dependencies will still be honored.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
<para><literal>triggering</literal> may only be used with
|
||
<command>systemctl stop</command>. In this mode, the specified
|
||
unit and any active units that trigger it are stopped. See the
|
||
discussion of
|
||
<varname>Triggers=</varname> in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for more information about triggering units.</para>
|
||
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-T</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--show-transaction</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When enqueuing a unit job (for example as effect of a <command>systemctl start</command>
|
||
invocation or similar), show brief information about all jobs enqueued, covering both the requested
|
||
job and any added because of unit dependencies. Note that the output will only include jobs
|
||
immediately part of the transaction requested. It is possible that service start-up program code
|
||
run as effect of the enqueued jobs might request further jobs to be pulled in. This means that
|
||
completion of the listed jobs might ultimately entail more jobs than the listed ones.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--fail</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Shorthand for <option>--job-mode=</option>fail.</para>
|
||
<para>When used with the <command>kill</command> command,
|
||
if no units were killed, the operation results in an error.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-i</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--ignore-inhibitors</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When system shutdown or a sleep state is requested, ignore inhibitor locks. Applications can establish
|
||
inhibitor locks to avoid that certain important operations (such as CD burning or suchlike) are interrupted
|
||
by system shutdown or a sleep state. Any user may take these locks and privileged users may override these
|
||
locks. If any locks are taken, shutdown and sleep state requests will normally fail (unless privileged) and a
|
||
list of active locks is printed. However, if <option>--ignore-inhibitors</option> is specified, the
|
||
established locks are ignored and not shown, and the operation attempted anyway, possibly requiring
|
||
additional privileges.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--dry-run</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Just print what would be done. Currently supported by verbs
|
||
<command>halt</command>, <command>poweroff</command>, <command>reboot</command>,
|
||
<command>kexec</command>, <command>suspend</command>, <command>hibernate</command>,
|
||
<command>hybrid-sleep</command>, <command>suspend-then-hibernate</command>,
|
||
<command>default</command>, <command>rescue</command>,
|
||
<command>emergency</command>, and <command>exit</command>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-q</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Suppress printing of the results of various commands
|
||
and also the hints about truncated log lines. This does not
|
||
suppress output of commands for which the printed output is
|
||
the only result (like <command>show</command>). Errors are
|
||
always printed.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--no-block</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Do not synchronously wait for the requested operation
|
||
to finish. If this is not specified, the job will be
|
||
verified, enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will
|
||
wait until the unit's start-up is completed. By passing this
|
||
argument, it is only verified and enqueued. This option may not be
|
||
combined with <option>--wait</option>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--wait</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Synchronously wait for started units to terminate again.
|
||
This option may not be combined with <option>--no-block</option>.
|
||
Note that this will wait forever if any given unit never terminates
|
||
(by itself or by getting stopped explicitly); particularly services
|
||
which use <literal>RemainAfterExit=yes</literal>.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When used with <command>is-system-running</command>, wait
|
||
until the boot process is completed before returning.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
|
||
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--failed</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>List units in failed state. This is equivalent to
|
||
<option>--state=failed</option>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Do not send wall message before halt, power-off and reboot.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--global</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>enable</command> and
|
||
<command>disable</command>, operate on the global user
|
||
configuration directory, thus enabling or disabling a unit
|
||
file globally for all future logins of all users.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--no-reload</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>enable</command> and
|
||
<command>disable</command>, do not implicitly reload daemon
|
||
configuration after executing the changes.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--no-ask-password</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>start</command> and related
|
||
commands, disables asking for passwords. Background services
|
||
may require input of a password or passphrase string, for
|
||
example to unlock system hard disks or cryptographic
|
||
certificates. Unless this option is specified and the
|
||
command is invoked from a terminal,
|
||
<command>systemctl</command> will query the user on the
|
||
terminal for the necessary secrets. Use this option to
|
||
switch this behavior off. In this case, the password must be
|
||
supplied by some other means (for example graphical password
|
||
agents) or the service might fail. This also disables
|
||
querying the user for authentication for privileged
|
||
operations.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--kill-who=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>kill</command>, choose which
|
||
processes to send a signal to. Must be one of
|
||
<option>main</option>, <option>control</option> or
|
||
<option>all</option> to select whether to kill only the main
|
||
process, the control process or all processes of the
|
||
unit. The main process of the unit is the one that defines
|
||
the life-time of it. A control process of a unit is one that
|
||
is invoked by the manager to induce state changes of it. For
|
||
example, all processes started due to the
|
||
<varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>,
|
||
<varname>ExecStop=</varname> or
|
||
<varname>ExecReload=</varname> settings of service units are
|
||
control processes. Note that there is only one control
|
||
process per unit at a time, as only one state change is
|
||
executed at a time. For services of type
|
||
<varname>Type=forking</varname>, the initial process started
|
||
by the manager for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is a
|
||
control process, while the process ultimately forked off by
|
||
that one is then considered the main process of the unit (if
|
||
it can be determined). This is different for service units
|
||
of other types, where the process forked off by the manager
|
||
for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is always the main process
|
||
itself. A service unit consists of zero or one main process,
|
||
zero or one control process plus any number of additional
|
||
processes. Not all unit types manage processes of these
|
||
types however. For example, for mount units, control processes
|
||
are defined (which are the invocations of
|
||
<filename>&MOUNT_PATH;</filename> and
|
||
<filename>&UMOUNT_PATH;</filename>), but no main process
|
||
is defined. If omitted, defaults to
|
||
<option>all</option>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-s</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--signal=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>kill</command>, choose which
|
||
signal to send to selected processes. Must be one of the
|
||
well-known signal specifiers such as <constant>SIGTERM</constant>, <constant>SIGINT</constant> or
|
||
<constant>SIGSTOP</constant>. If omitted, defaults to
|
||
<option>SIGTERM</option>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--what=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Select what type of per-unit resources to remove when the <command>clean</command> command is
|
||
invoked, see below. Takes one of <constant>configuration</constant>, <constant>state</constant>,
|
||
<constant>cache</constant>, <constant>logs</constant>, <constant>runtime</constant> to select the
|
||
type of resource. This option may be specified more than once, in which case all specified resource
|
||
types are removed. Also accepts the special value <constant>all</constant> as a shortcut for
|
||
specifying all five resource types. If this option is not specified defaults to the combination of
|
||
<constant>cache</constant> and <constant>runtime</constant>, i.e. the two kinds of resources that
|
||
are generally considered to be redundant and can be reconstructed on next invocation.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-f</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--force</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>enable</command>, overwrite
|
||
any existing conflicting symlinks.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When used with <command>edit</command>, create all of the
|
||
specified units which do not already exist.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>When used with <command>halt</command>, <command>poweroff</command>, <command>reboot</command> or
|
||
<command>kexec</command>, execute the selected operation without shutting down all units. However, all
|
||
processes will be killed forcibly and all file systems are unmounted or remounted read-only. This is hence a
|
||
drastic but relatively safe option to request an immediate reboot. If <option>--force</option> is specified
|
||
twice for these operations (with the exception of <command>kexec</command>), they will be executed
|
||
immediately, without terminating any processes or unmounting any file systems. Warning: specifying
|
||
<option>--force</option> twice with any of these operations might result in data loss. Note that when
|
||
<option>--force</option> is specified twice the selected operation is executed by
|
||
<command>systemctl</command> itself, and the system manager is not contacted. This means the command should
|
||
succeed even when the system manager has crashed.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--message=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>halt</command>, <command>poweroff</command> or <command>reboot</command>, set a
|
||
short message explaining the reason for the operation. The message will be logged together with the default
|
||
shutdown message.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--now</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>enable</command>, the units
|
||
will also be started. When used with <command>disable</command> or
|
||
<command>mask</command>, the units will also be stopped. The start
|
||
or stop operation is only carried out when the respective enable or
|
||
disable operation has been successful.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--root=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with
|
||
<command>enable</command>/<command>disable</command>/<command>is-enabled</command>
|
||
(and related commands), use the specified root path when looking for unit
|
||
files. If this option is present, <command>systemctl</command> will operate on
|
||
the file system directly, instead of communicating with the <command>systemd</command>
|
||
daemon to carry out changes.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--runtime</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>enable</command>,
|
||
<command>disable</command>, <command>edit</command>,
|
||
(and related commands), make changes only temporarily, so
|
||
that they are lost on the next reboot. This will have the
|
||
effect that changes are not made in subdirectories of
|
||
<filename>/etc/</filename> but in <filename>/run/</filename>,
|
||
with identical immediate effects, however, since the latter
|
||
is lost on reboot, the changes are lost too.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Similarly, when used with
|
||
<command>set-property</command>, make changes only
|
||
temporarily, so that they are lost on the next
|
||
reboot.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--preset-mode=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Takes one of <literal>full</literal> (the default),
|
||
<literal>enable-only</literal>,
|
||
<literal>disable-only</literal>. When used with the
|
||
<command>preset</command> or <command>preset-all</command>
|
||
commands, controls whether units shall be disabled and
|
||
enabled according to the preset rules, or only enabled, or
|
||
only disabled.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-n</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>status</command>, controls the number of journal lines to show, counting from
|
||
the most recent ones. Takes a positive integer argument, or 0 to disable journal output. Defaults to
|
||
10.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>-o</option></term>
|
||
<term><option>--output=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>status</command>, controls the
|
||
formatting of the journal entries that are shown. For the
|
||
available choices, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
Defaults to <literal>short</literal>.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--firmware-setup</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with the <command>reboot</command> command, indicate to the system's firmware to reboot into
|
||
the firmware setup interface. Note that this functionality is not available on all systems.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--boot-loader-menu=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with the <command>reboot</command> command, indicate to the system's boot loader to show the
|
||
boot loader menu on the following boot. Takes a time value as parameter — indicating the menu timeout. Pass
|
||
zero in order to disable the menu timeout. Note that not all boot loaders support this
|
||
functionality.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--boot-loader-entry=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with the <command>reboot</command> command, indicate to the system's boot loader to boot into
|
||
a specific boot loader entry on the following boot. Takes a boot loader entry identifier as argument, or
|
||
<literal>help</literal> in order to list available entries. Note that not all boot loaders support this
|
||
functionality.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--reboot-argument=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>This switch is used with <command>reboot</command>. The value is architecture and firmware specific. As an example, <literal>recovery</literal>
|
||
might be used to trigger system recovery, and <literal>fota</literal> might be used to trigger a
|
||
<quote>firmware over the air</quote> update.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--plain</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>When used with <command>list-dependencies</command>,
|
||
<command>list-units</command> or <command>list-machines</command>,
|
||
the output is printed as a list instead of a tree, and the bullet
|
||
circles are omitted.</para>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><option>--timestamp=</option></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem>
|
||
<para>Takes one of <literal>pretty</literal> (the default),
|
||
<literal>us</literal>, <literal>µs</literal>, <literal>utc</literal>.
|
||
Changes the format of printed timestamps.
|
||
<literal>pretty</literal>: <literal>Day YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS TZ</literal>
|
||
<literal>us</literal> or <literal>µs</literal>: <literal>Day YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.UUUUUU TZ</literal>
|
||
<literal>utc</literal>: <literal>Day YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS UTC</literal></para>
|
||
<literal>us+utc</literal> or <literal>µs+utc</literal>: <literal>Day YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.UUUUUU UTC</literal>
|
||
</listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
|
||
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
|
||
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-legend" />
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
|
||
<xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Exit status</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure code otherwise.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para><command>systemctl</command> uses the return codes defined by LSB, as defined in
|
||
<ulink url="http://refspecs.linuxbase.org/LSB_3.0.0/LSB-PDA/LSB-PDA/iniscrptact.html">LSB 3.0.0</ulink>.
|
||
</para>
|
||
|
||
<table>
|
||
<title>LSB return codes</title>
|
||
|
||
<tgroup cols='3'>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry>Value</entry>
|
||
<entry>Description in LSB</entry>
|
||
<entry>Use in systemd</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><constant>0</constant></entry>
|
||
<entry>"program is running or service is OK"</entry>
|
||
<entry>unit is active</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><constant>1</constant></entry>
|
||
<entry>"program is dead and <filename>/var/run</filename> pid file exists"</entry>
|
||
<entry>unit <emphasis>not</emphasis> failed (used by <command>is-failed</command>)</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><constant>2</constant></entry>
|
||
<entry>"program is dead and <filename>/var/lock</filename> lock file exists"</entry>
|
||
<entry>unused</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><constant>3</constant></entry>
|
||
<entry>"program is not running"</entry>
|
||
<entry>unit is not active</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
<row>
|
||
<entry><constant>4</constant></entry>
|
||
<entry>"program or service status is unknown"</entry>
|
||
<entry>no such unit</entry>
|
||
</row>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</tgroup>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<para>The mapping of LSB service states to systemd unit states is imperfect, so it is better to
|
||
not rely on those return values but to look for specific unit states and substates instead.
|
||
</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Environment</title>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Editor to use when editing units; overrides
|
||
<varname>$EDITOR</varname> and <varname>$VISUAL</varname>. If neither
|
||
<varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR</varname> nor <varname>$EDITOR</varname> nor
|
||
<varname>$VISUAL</varname> are present or if it is set to an empty
|
||
string or if their execution failed, systemctl will try to execute well
|
||
known editors in this order:
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>editor</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>nano</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
|
||
</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="pager"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="less"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="lesscharset"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="lesssecure"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="colors"/>
|
||
<xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="urlify"/>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>See Also</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machinectl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
</refentry>
|