386 lines
17 KiB
XML
386 lines
17 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1-or-later -->
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<refentry id="os-release">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>os-release</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>os-release</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>os-release</refname>
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<refpurpose>Operating system identification</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/etc/os-release</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files contain operating
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system identification data.</para>
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<para>The basic file format of <filename>os-release</filename> is
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a newline-separated list of environment-like shell-compatible
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variable assignments. It is possible to source the configuration
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from shell scripts, however, beyond mere variable assignments, no
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shell features are supported (this means variable expansion is
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explicitly not supported), allowing applications to read the file
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without implementing a shell compatible execution engine. Variable
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assignment values must be enclosed in double or single quotes if
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they include spaces, semicolons or other special characters
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outside of A–Z, a–z, 0–9. Shell special characters ("$", quotes,
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backslash, backtick) must be escaped with backslashes, following
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shell style. All strings should be in UTF-8 format, and
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non-printable characters should not be used. It is not supported
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to concatenate multiple individually quoted strings. Lines
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beginning with "#" shall be ignored as comments. Blank lines are
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permitted and ignored.</para>
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<para>The file <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> takes
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precedence over <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>.
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Applications should check for the former, and exclusively use its
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data if it exists, and only fall back to
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> if it is missing.
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Applications should not read data from both files at the same
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time. <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> is the recommended
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place to store OS release information as part of vendor trees.
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<filename>/etc/os-release</filename> should be a relative symlink
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to <filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename>, to provide
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compatibility with applications only looking at
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<filename>/etc/</filename>. A relative symlink instead of an
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absolute symlink is necessary to avoid breaking the link in a
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chroot or initrd environment such as dracut.</para>
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<para><filename>os-release</filename> contains data that is
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defined by the operating system vendor and should generally not be
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changed by the administrator.</para>
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<para>As this file only encodes names and identifiers it should
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not be localized.</para>
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<para>The <filename>/etc/os-release</filename> and
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> files might be symlinks
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to other files, but it is important that the file is available
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from earliest boot on, and hence must be located on the root file
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system.</para>
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<para>For a longer rationale for <filename>os-release</filename>
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please refer to the <ulink
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url="http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/os-release">Announcement of <filename>/etc/os-release</filename></ulink>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following OS identifications parameters may be set using
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<filename>os-release</filename>:</para>
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<variablelist class='environment-variables'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>NAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system,
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without a version component, and suitable for presentation to
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the user. If not set, defaults to
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<literal>NAME=Linux</literal>. Example:
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<literal>NAME=Fedora</literal> or <literal>NAME="Debian
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GNU/Linux"</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VERSION=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string identifying the operating system
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version, excluding any OS name information, possibly including
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a release code name, and suitable for presentation to the
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user. This field is optional. Example:
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<literal>VERSION=17</literal> or <literal>VERSION="17 (Beefy
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Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A lower-case string (no spaces or other
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characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying
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the operating system, excluding any version information and
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suitable for processing by scripts or usage in generated
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filenames. If not set, defaults to
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<literal>ID=linux</literal>. Example:
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<literal>ID=fedora</literal> or
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<literal>ID=debian</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ID_LIKE=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A space-separated list of operating system
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identifiers in the same syntax as the <varname>ID=</varname>
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setting. It should list identifiers of operating systems that
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are closely related to the local operating system in regards
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to packaging and programming interfaces, for example listing
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one or more OS identifiers the local OS is a derivative from.
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An OS should generally only list other OS identifiers it
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itself is a derivative of, and not any OSes that are derived
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from it, though symmetric relationships are possible. Build
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scripts and similar should check this variable if they need to
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identify the local operating system and the value of
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<varname>ID=</varname> is not recognized. Operating systems
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should be listed in order of how closely the local operating
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system relates to the listed ones, starting with the closest.
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This field is optional. Example: for an operating system with
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<literal>ID=centos</literal>, an assignment of
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<literal>ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"</literal> would be appropriate.
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For an operating system with <literal>ID=ubuntu</literal>, an
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assignment of <literal>ID_LIKE=debian</literal> is
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appropriate.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VERSION_CODENAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>
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A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of
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0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-") identifying the operating system
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release code name, excluding any OS name information or
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release version, and suitable for processing by scripts or
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usage in generated filenames. This field is optional and may
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not be implemented on all systems.
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Examples:
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<literal>VERSION_CODENAME=buster</literal>,
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<literal>VERSION_CODENAME=xenial</literal>
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VERSION_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A lower-case string (mostly numeric, no spaces
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or other characters outside of 0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-")
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identifying the operating system version, excluding any OS
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name information or release code name, and suitable for
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processing by scripts or usage in generated filenames. This
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field is optional. Example: <literal>VERSION_ID=17</literal>
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or <literal>VERSION_ID=11.04</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PRETTY_NAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A pretty operating system name in a format
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suitable for presentation to the user. May or may not contain
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a release code name or OS version of some kind, as suitable.
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If not set, defaults to
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<literal>PRETTY_NAME="Linux"</literal>. Example:
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<literal>PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 17 (Beefy
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Miracle)"</literal>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ANSI_COLOR=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A suggested presentation color when showing the OS name on the console. This should
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be specified as string suitable for inclusion in the ESC [ m ANSI/ECMA-48 escape code for setting
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graphical rendition. This field is optional. Example: <literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;31"</literal> for red,
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<literal>ANSI_COLOR="1;34"</literal> for light blue, or
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<literal>ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180"</literal> for Fedora blue.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CPE_NAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A CPE name for the operating system, in URI
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binding syntax, following the
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<ulink url="http://scap.nist.gov/specifications/cpe/">Common
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Platform Enumeration Specification</ulink> as proposed by the
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NIST. This field is optional. Example:
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<literal>CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:17"</literal>
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>HOME_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>DOCUMENTATION_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Links to resources on the Internet related to
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the operating system.
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<varname>HOME_URL=</varname> should refer to the homepage of
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the operating system, or alternatively some homepage of the
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specific version of the operating system.
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<varname>DOCUMENTATION_URL=</varname> should refer to the main
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documentation page for this operating system.
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<varname>SUPPORT_URL=</varname> should refer to the main
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support page for the operating system, if there is any. This
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is primarily intended for operating systems which vendors
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provide support for. <varname>BUG_REPORT_URL=</varname> should
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refer to the main bug reporting page for the operating system,
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if there is any. This is primarily intended for operating
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systems that rely on community QA.
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<varname>PRIVACY_POLICY_URL=</varname> should refer to the
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main privacy policy page for the operating system, if there is
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any. These settings are optional, and providing only some of
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these settings is common. These URLs are intended to be
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exposed in "About this system" UIs behind links with captions
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such as "About this Operating System", "Obtain Support",
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"Report a Bug", or "Privacy Policy". The values should be in
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<ulink url="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC3986
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format</ulink>, and should be <literal>http:</literal> or
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<literal>https:</literal> URLs, and possibly
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<literal>mailto:</literal> or <literal>tel:</literal>. Only
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one URL shall be listed in each setting. If multiple resources
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need to be referenced, it is recommended to provide an online
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landing page linking all available resources. Examples:
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<literal>HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"</literal> and
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<literal>BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"</literal></para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>BUILD_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>A string uniquely identifying the system image
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used as the origin for a distribution (it is not updated with
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system updates). The field can be identical between different
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VERSION_IDs as BUILD_ID is an only a unique identifier to a
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specific version. Distributions that release each update as a
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new version would only need to use VERSION_ID as each build is
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already distinct based on the VERSION_ID. This field is
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optional. Example: <literal>BUILD_ID="2013-03-20.3"</literal>
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or <literal>BUILD_ID=201303203</literal>.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VARIANT=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>
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A string identifying a specific variant or edition of the
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operating system suitable for presentation to the user. This
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field may be used to inform the user that the configuration of
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this system is subject to a specific divergent set of rules or
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default configuration settings. This field is optional and may
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not be implemented on all systems.
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Examples:
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<literal>VARIANT="Server Edition"</literal>,
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<literal>VARIANT="Smart Refrigerator Edition"</literal>
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Note: this field is for display purposes only. The
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<varname>VARIANT_ID</varname> field should be used for making
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programmatic decisions.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>VARIANT_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>
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A lower-case string (no spaces or other characters outside of
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0–9, a–z, ".", "_" and "-"), identifying a specific variant or
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edition of the operating system. This may be interpreted by
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other packages in order to determine a divergent default
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configuration. This field is optional and may not be
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implemented on all systems.
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Examples:
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<literal>VARIANT_ID=server</literal>,
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<literal>VARIANT_ID=embedded</literal>
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>LOGO=</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>
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A string, specifying the name of an icon as defined by <ulink
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url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/icon-theme-spec/latest">
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freedesktop.org Icon Theme Specification</ulink>. This can be
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used by graphical applications to display an operating
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system's or distributor's logo. This field is optional and
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may not necessarily be implemented on all systems.
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Examples:
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<literal>LOGO=fedora-logo</literal>,
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<literal>LOGO=distributor-logo-opensuse</literal>
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If you are reading this file from C code or a shell script
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to determine the OS or a specific version of it, use the
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<varname>ID</varname> and <varname>VERSION_ID</varname> fields,
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possibly with <varname>ID_LIKE</varname> as fallback for
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<varname>ID</varname>. When looking for an OS identification
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string for presentation to the user use the
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<varname>PRETTY_NAME</varname> field.</para>
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<para>Note that operating system vendors may choose not to provide
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version information, for example to accommodate for rolling
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releases. In this case, <varname>VERSION</varname> and
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<varname>VERSION_ID</varname> may be unset. Applications should
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not rely on these fields to be set.</para>
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<para>Operating system vendors may extend the file
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format and introduce new fields. It is highly
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recommended to prefix new fields with an OS specific
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name in order to avoid name clashes. Applications
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reading this file must ignore unknown fields. Example:
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<literal>DEBIAN_BTS="debbugs://bugs.debian.org/"</literal></para>
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<para>Container and sandbox runtime managers may make the host's
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identification data available to applications by providing the host's
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<filename>/etc/os-release</filename> (if available, otherwise
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<filename>/usr/lib/os-release</filename> as a fallback) as
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<filename>/run/host/os-release</filename>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Example</title>
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<programlisting>NAME=Fedora
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VERSION="32 (Workstation Edition)"
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ID=fedora
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VERSION_ID=32
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PRETTY_NAME="Fedora 32 (Workstation Edition)"
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ANSI_COLOR="0;38;2;60;110;180"
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LOGO=fedora-logo-icon
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CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:fedoraproject:fedora:32"
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HOME_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/"
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DOCUMENTATION_URL="https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/fedora/f32/system-administrators-guide/"
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SUPPORT_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Communicating_and_getting_help"
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BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/"
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REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT="Fedora"
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REDHAT_BUGZILLA_PRODUCT_VERSION=32
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REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="Fedora"
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REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION=32
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PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:PrivacyPolicy"
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VARIANT="Workstation Edition"
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VARIANT_ID=workstation</programlisting>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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||
<para>
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||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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||
<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>lsb_release</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>hostname</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-info</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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||
</refsect1>
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||
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</refentry>
|