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<refentry id="sd_listen_fds"
  xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

  <refentryinfo>
    <title>sd_listen_fds</title>
    <productname>systemd</productname>
  </refentryinfo>

  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>sd_listen_fds</refentrytitle>
    <manvolnum>3</manvolnum>
  </refmeta>

  <refnamediv>
    <refname>sd_listen_fds</refname>
    <refname>sd_listen_fds_with_names</refname>
    <refname>SD_LISTEN_FDS_START</refname>
    <refpurpose>Check for file descriptors passed by the system manager</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsynopsisdiv>
    <funcsynopsis>
      <funcsynopsisinfo>#include &lt;systemd/sd-daemon.h&gt;</funcsynopsisinfo>

      <funcsynopsisinfo>#define SD_LISTEN_FDS_START 3</funcsynopsisinfo>

      <funcprototype>
        <funcdef>int <function>sd_listen_fds</function></funcdef>
        <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
      </funcprototype>

      <funcprototype>
        <funcdef>int <function>sd_listen_fds_with_names</function></funcdef>
        <paramdef>int <parameter>unset_environment</parameter></paramdef>
        <paramdef>char*** <parameter>names</parameter></paramdef>
      </funcprototype>
    </funcsynopsis>
  </refsynopsisdiv>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Description</title>

    <para><function>sd_listen_fds()</function> may be invoked by a
    daemon to check for file descriptors passed by the service manager as
    part of the socket-based activation logic. It returns the number
    of received file descriptors. If no file descriptors have been
    received, zero is returned. The first file descriptor may be found
    at file descriptor number 3
    (i.e. <constant>SD_LISTEN_FDS_START</constant>), the remaining
    descriptors follow at 4, 5, 6, …, if any.</para>

    <para>If a daemon receives more than one file descriptor, they
    will be passed in the same order as configured in the systemd
    socket unit file (see
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    for details). Nonetheless, it is recommended to verify the correct
    socket types before using them. To simplify this checking, the
    functions
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_fifo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket_inet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    are provided. In order to maximize flexibility, it is recommended
    to make these checks as loose as possible without allowing
    incorrect setups. i.e. often, the actual port number a socket is
    bound to matters little for the service to work, hence it should
    not be verified. On the other hand, whether a socket is a datagram
    or stream socket matters a lot for the most common program logics
    and should be checked.</para>

    <para>This function call will set the FD_CLOEXEC flag for all
    passed file descriptors to avoid further inheritance to children
    of the calling process.</para>

    <para>If multiple socket units activate the same service, the order
    of the file descriptors passed to its main process is undefined.
    If additional file descriptors have been passed to the service
    manager using
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_pid_notify_with_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>'s
    <literal>FDSTORE=1</literal> messages, these file descriptors are
    passed last, in arbitrary order, and with duplicates
    removed.</para>

    <para>If the <parameter>unset_environment</parameter> parameter is
    non-zero, <function>sd_listen_fds()</function> will unset the
    <varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname>, <varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname> and
    <varname>$LISTEN_FDNAMES</varname> environment variables before
    returning (regardless of whether the function call itself
    succeeded or not). Further calls to
    <function>sd_listen_fds()</function> will then return zero, but the
    variables are no longer inherited by child processes.</para>

    <para><function>sd_listen_fds_with_names()</function> is like
    <function>sd_listen_fds()</function>, but optionally also returns
    an array of strings with identification names for the passed file
    descriptors, if that is available and the
    <parameter>names</parameter> parameter is non-NULL. This
    information is read from the <varname>$LISTEN_FDNAMES</varname>
    variable, which may contain a colon-separated list of names. For
    socket-activated services, these names may be configured with the
    <varname>FileDescriptorName=</varname> setting in socket unit
    files, see
    <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    for details. For file descriptors pushed into the file descriptor
    store (see above), the name is set via the
    <varname>FDNAME=</varname> field transmitted via
    <function>sd_pid_notify_with_fds()</function>. The primary usecase
    for these names are services which accept a variety of file
    descriptors which are not recognizable with functions like
    <function>sd_is_socket()</function> alone, and thus require
    identification via a name. It is recommended to rely on named file
    descriptors only if identification via
    <function>sd_is_socket()</function> and related calls is not
    sufficient. Note that the names used are not unique in any
    way. The returned array of strings has as many entries as file
    descriptors have been received, plus a final NULL pointer
    terminating the array. The caller needs to free the array itself
    and each of its elements with libc's <function>free()</function>
    call after use. If the <parameter>names</parameter> parameter is
    NULL, the call is entirely equivalent to
    <function>sd_listen_fds()</function>.</para>

    <para>Under specific conditions, the following automatic file
    descriptor names are returned:

    <table>
      <title>
         <command>Special names</command>
      </title>

      <tgroup cols='2'>
        <thead>
          <row>
            <entry>Name</entry>
            <entry>Description</entry>
          </row>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry><literal>unknown</literal></entry>
            <entry>The process received no name for the specific file descriptor from the service manager.</entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry><literal>stored</literal></entry>
            <entry>The file descriptor originates in the service manager's per-service file descriptor store, and the <varname>FDNAME=</varname> field was absent when the file descriptor was submitted to the service manager.</entry>
          </row>

          <row>
            <entry><literal>connection</literal></entry>
            <entry>The service was activated in per-connection style using <varname>Accept=yes</varname> in the socket unit file, and the file descriptor is the connection socket.</entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </table>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Return Value</title>

    <para>On failure, these calls returns a negative errno-style error
    code. If
    <varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname>/<varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname> was
    not set or was not correctly set for this daemon and hence no file
    descriptors were received, 0 is returned. Otherwise, the number of
    file descriptors passed is returned. The application may find them
    starting with file descriptor SD_LISTEN_FDS_START, i.e. file
    descriptor 3.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Notes</title>

    <xi:include href="libsystemd-pkgconfig.xml" xpointer="pkgconfig-text"/>

    <para>Internally, <function>sd_listen_fds()</function> checks
    whether the <varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname> environment variable
    equals the daemon PID. If not, it returns immediately. Otherwise,
    it parses the number passed in the <varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname>
    environment variable, then sets the FD_CLOEXEC flag for the parsed
    number of file descriptors starting from SD_LISTEN_FDS_START.
    Finally, it returns the parsed
    number. <function>sd_listen_fds_with_names()</function> does the
    same but also parses <varname>$LISTEN_FDNAMES</varname> if
    set.</para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>Environment</title>

    <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><varname>$LISTEN_PID</varname></term>
        <term><varname>$LISTEN_FDS</varname></term>
        <term><varname>$LISTEN_FDNAMES</varname></term>

        <listitem><para>Set by the service manager for supervised
        processes that use socket-based activation. This environment
        variable specifies the data
        <function>sd_listen_fds()</function> and
        <function>sd_listen_fds_with_names()</function> parses. See
        above for details.</para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1>
    <title>See Also</title>

    <para>
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_fifo</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket_inet</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_is_socket_unix</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_pid_notify_with_fds</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>daemon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
      <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
    </para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>
