update NEWS
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Lennart Poettering
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NEWS
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NEWS
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systemd System and Service Manager
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CHANGES WITH 198:
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* Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in
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files without having to edit/override the unit files
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themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to
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change one value for a service file foobar.service he can
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now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into
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/etc/systemd/systemd/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic
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will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the
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main unit configuration file, possibly extending or
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overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is
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generally nicer than the two earler options for changing
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unit files locally: copying the files form
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/usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing
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them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/
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that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in
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snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any
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directory systems looks for units in, and the usual
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overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply
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for them too.
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* Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be
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reset by assigning the empty strings to them. For example,
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normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new
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environment variable assignment to the environment block,
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each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty
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string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is
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particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets
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mentioned above, since this allows resetting list settings
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from vendor unit files via these drop-ins.
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* systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for
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listing the dependencies of a unit recursively.
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* Inhibitors are now honoured and listed by "systemctl
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suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only
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GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by
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other users.
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* Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group
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controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime
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for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command
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like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares
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2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These
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settings are stores persistently on disk, and thus allow the
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administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of
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services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource
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management logic is also available to other services via the
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bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is
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supported.
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* systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to
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all open VTs, where it previously applied them only to the
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foreground VT.
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* libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API
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call.
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* This release drops support with a few
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legacy/distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing
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init scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent,
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$mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp,
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$null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing
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this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain
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compatibility with this should carry the burden for support
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this themselves and patch support for these back in if they
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really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and $local_fs
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are now ignored, since systemd does not support early-boot
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LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities are implied
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anyway for normal services. syslog.target has also been
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removed hence.
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* There ar new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for
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canceling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously,
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both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot
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objects themselves.
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* systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support.
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* The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf
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now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as
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last character in the line, similar in style (but different)
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to how this is supported in shells.
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* For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is
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now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl
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has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a
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user systemd instance.
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* nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and
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CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for
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the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified
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Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires
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audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in
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kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in
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context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out
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of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed
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one day for good in the kernel.
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* nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to
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bind mount specific directories from the host into the
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container.
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* nspawn will not mount its own devpts file system instance
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into the container, in order not to leaker pty devices from
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the host into the container.
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* systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance
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from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader supports
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this, and take it into account for boot performance analysis
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via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported only in
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conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported by other
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boot loaders too. For details, see:
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http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface
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* A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the
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EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory
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exists, is empty, and no other partition has been configured
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to be mounted there.
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* logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out
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unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be
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used by applications as asynchronous notification for
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system resume events.
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* "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows
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unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar
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how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users
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sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call
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UnlockSessions().
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* "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a
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seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for
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the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics
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card).
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* tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows
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configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that
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shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging").
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* udev permission rules are now only applied for "add" rules,
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no longer for "change" events.
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* The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses
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now carry a message ID.
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* We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this
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continues to be work in progress.
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* udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the
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root directory to operate relative to.
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* logind will now issue a sync() request to the kernel early
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at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early
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instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown
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times a little.
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* A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for
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certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview
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and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon
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like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by
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graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and
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request boot into firmware operations.
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* systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match
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the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work
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correctly in initrds.
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* Policykit previously has been runtime optional, and is now
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also compile time optional via a configure switch.
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* systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl
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dot" has moved into systemd-analyze.
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* "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print
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the status of all active or failed units.
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* Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed
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with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue
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operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later
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job queuing. This is by default use to make shutdown
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requests more robust.
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* The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for
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reading journal files.
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* A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install
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kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification:
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http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec
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* Boot time console output has been improved to provide
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animated boot time output.
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* A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used
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to test socket activation with, directly from the command
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line. This should make it much easier to test and debug
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socket activation in daemons.
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* journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show
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journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first).
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* journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works
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similar to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than
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system units.
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* A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in
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initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from
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the various initrd implementations into systemd proper.
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* The journal files are now owned by a new group
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"systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access
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to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the
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"adm" group for that, which however possible covers more
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than just journal/log file access. This new group is now
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already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this
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daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else
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as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs
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up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read
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access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns
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the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also
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add read access to "adm", "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and
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all existing/future journal files. To normal users and
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administrators little changes, however packagers need to
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ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at
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package installation time.
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* The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user
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systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging
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scripts need to create these system user/group at
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installation time.
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* timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that
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indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not.
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* systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs
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* The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is available.
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Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke
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Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch,
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Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss,
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Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer,
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Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
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Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin
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Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael
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Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil,
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Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor
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Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob
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Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven
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Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom
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Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew
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Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak)
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CHANGES WITH 197:
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* Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to
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