man: document journald namespaces
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Lennart Poettering
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@ -737,7 +737,10 @@ manpages = [
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['systemd-journald',
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'systemd-journald-audit.socket',
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'systemd-journald-dev-log.socket',
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'systemd-journald.socket'],
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'systemd-journald-varlink@.socket',
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'systemd-journald.socket',
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'systemd-journald@.service',
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'systemd-journald@.socket'],
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''],
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['systemd-localed.service', '8', ['systemd-localed'], 'ENABLE_LOCALED'],
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['systemd-logind.service', '8', ['systemd-logind'], 'ENABLE_LOGIND'],
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@ -20,6 +20,9 @@
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<refname>systemd-journald.socket</refname>
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<refname>systemd-journald-dev-log.socket</refname>
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<refname>systemd-journald-audit.socket</refname>
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<refname>systemd-journald@.service</refname>
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<refname>systemd-journald@.socket</refname>
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<refname>systemd-journald-varlink@.socket</refname>
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<refname>systemd-journald</refname>
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<refpurpose>Journal service</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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@ -29,6 +32,9 @@
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<para><filename>systemd-journald.socket</filename></para>
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<para><filename>systemd-journald-dev-log.socket</filename></para>
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<para><filename>systemd-journald-audit.socket</filename></para>
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<para><filename>systemd-journald@.service</filename></para>
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<para><filename>systemd-journald@.socket</filename></para>
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<para><filename>systemd-journald-varlink@.socket</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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@ -129,6 +135,40 @@ systemd-tmpfiles --create --prefix /var/log/journal</programlisting>
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<constant>EPIPE</constant> right from the beginning.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Journal Namespaces</title>
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<para>Journal 'namespaces' are both a mechanism for logically isolating the log stream of projects
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consisting of one or more services from the rest of the system and a mechanism for improving
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performance. Multiple journal namespaces may exist simultaneously, each defining its own, independent log
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stream managed by its own instance of <command>systemd-journald</command>. Namespaces are independent of
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each other, both in the data store and in the IPC interface. By default only a single 'default' namespace
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exists, managed by <filename>systemd-journald.service</filename> (and its associated socket
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units). Additional namespaces are created by starting an instance of the
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<filename>systemd-journald@.service</filename> service template. The instance name is the namespace
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identifier, which is a short string used for referencing the journal namespace. Service units may be
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assigned to a specific journal namespace through the <varname>LogNamespace=</varname> unit file setting,
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see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
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details. The <option>--namespace=</option> switch of
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> may be
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used to view the log stream of a specific namespace. If the switch is not used the log stream of the
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default namespace is shown, i.e. log data from other namespaces is not visible.</para>
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<para>Services associated with a specific log namespace may log via syslog, the native logging protocol
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of the journal and via stdout/stderr; the logging from all three transports is associated with the
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namespace.</para>
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<para>By default only the default namespace will collect kernel and audit log messages.</para>
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<para>The <command>systemd-journald</command> instance of the default namespace is configured through
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<filename>/etc/systemd/journald.conf</filename> (see below), while the other instances are configured
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through <filename>/etc/systemd/journald@<replaceable>NAMESPACE</replaceable>.conf</filename>. The journal
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log data for the default namespace is placed in
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<filename>/var/log/journal/<replaceable>MACHINE_ID</replaceable></filename> (see below) while the data
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for the other namespaces is located in
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<filename>/var/log/journal/<replaceable>MACHINE_ID</replaceable>.<replaceable>NAMESPACE</replaceable></filename>.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Signals</title>
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@ -190,6 +230,9 @@ systemd-tmpfiles --create --prefix /var/log/journal</programlisting>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Note that these kernel command line options are only honoured by the default namespace, see
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above.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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@ -279,12 +322,14 @@ systemd-tmpfiles --create --prefix /var/log/journal</programlisting>
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<term><filename>/run/systemd/journal/socket</filename></term>
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<term><filename>/run/systemd/journal/stdout</filename></term>
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<listitem><para>Sockets and other paths that
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<command>systemd-journald</command> will listen on that are
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visible in the file system. In addition to these, journald can
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listen for audit events using netlink.</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Sockets and other file node paths that <command>systemd-journald</command> will
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listen on and are visible in the file system. In addition to these,
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<command>systemd-journald</command> can listen for audit events using <citerefentry
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project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>netlink</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If journal namespacing is used these paths are slightly altered to include a namespace identifier, see above.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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@ -296,7 +341,7 @@ systemd-tmpfiles --create --prefix /var/log/journal</programlisting>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-coredump</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='die-net'><refentrytitle>setfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_print</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<command>pydoc systemd.journal</command>
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</para>
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