We need both a slice name and a prefix for application units. For
consistency we tried to use the same name and ended up standardising on
"apps.slice" and and "apps-" prefix for the units.
However, "app-" would be a more natural prefix for applications. And it
is no problem to simply also name the slice "app.slice" for consistency
rather than keeping the current "apps.slice".
It's not that I think that "hostname" is vastly superior to "host name". Quite
the opposite — the difference is small, and in some context the two-word version
does fit better. But in the tree, there are ~200 occurrences of the first, and
>1600 of the other, and consistent spelling is more important than any particular
spelling choice.
This is work in progress and not finished yet. However, I hope to have
captured some of the key points that came up in previous discussions
with appropriate notes about things that still need to be defined.
I may revisit it later. Also, feel free to completely rewrite if the
format is not quite right.
I assume it’s supposed to be “see Home Directories for details” and not
“… and embeds these JSON records directly in the home directory images …
for details”, but the previous text suggested the latter reading to me.
According to the designer of the page layout a page only should have one
h1 header, and everything else should be h2, h3, … I think that makes a
ton of sense, hence let's downgrade some headers here.
This way we can use libxcrypt specific functionality such as
crypt_gensalt() and thus take benefit of the newer algorithms libxcrypt
implements. (Also adds support for a new env var $SYSTEMD_CRYPT_PREFIX
which may be used to select the hash algorithm to use for libxcrypt.)
Also, let's move the weird crypt.h inclusion into libcrypt.h so that
there's a single place for it.
I think it makes sense to keep the "The" in place for the actual page's
title, but let's drop it from the categorization header, to make it
easier to find stuff, as the "The" isn't helpful to that.
In particular as we sometimes do it this and sometimes the other way so
far, hence let's stick to one common rule.
In the wiki, this was a separate page. I don't think this split is useful,
since the information about what is stable and what not seems randomly split
between the two pages.
Links are adjusted for our own pages. Some external links to gentoo and other
projects seem to be broken, but it's a chore to fix them.
Instead of saying that patches for portability are not accepted, say that this
is decided case-by-case. This is what happens in practice, and we tend to
discuss each patch on its own merits.
Some sentences are reworded a bit where they sound awkward.
The only non-stylistic change is to replace descriptions of how we are
encouraging people to use PrivateTmp= and such, because now they are widely
used.
@bertob wants us to be strict here, and only have one "#" header per
markdown file, and use "##" (or "###", …) for all others. Interestingly,
we mostly got this right already, but this fixes a few cases where this
wasn't correct.
Let's use the rough categorization of the markdown pages to add basic
sections, via Jeykll templating. Also, add in a couple of additional
links via a JSON array that lists them.
So much web development, so much wow!
Doing this manually seem to work only so well, but it is indeed hard to generate
automatically. Let's add the stuff that is missing for now.
AddRef= is not a unit file setting, remove it from the list.
This makes the naming more consistent: we now have
bootctl systemd-efi-options,
$SYSTEMD_EFI_OPTIONS
and the SystemdOptions EFI variable.
(SystemdEFIOptions would be redundant, because it is only used in the context
of efivars, and users don't interact with that name directly.)
bootctl is adjusted to use 2sp indentation, similarly to systemctl and other
programs.
Remove the prefix with the old name from 'bootctl systemd-efi-options' output,
since it's redundant and we don't want the old name anyway.
I added a fairly vague entry to docs/ENVIRONMENT because I think it is worth
mentioning there (in case someone is looking for any environment variable that
might be relevant).
Device tree overlays are a convenient way to patch device trees, e.g.,
add new devices to a device tree or enable/disable devices. This is
useful for non-discoverable but configurable hardware. Device tree
overlays are commonly used for displays on the Raspberry Pi or for
describing the content of FPGA bitstreams.
Add the devicetree-overlay key to boot loader specification entries to
allow boot loaders to apply overlays.
See #13537
Just as `RuntimeMaxSec=` is supported for service units, add support for
it to scope units. This will gracefully kill a scope after the timeout
expires from the moment the scope enters the running state.
This could be used for time-limited login sessions, for example.
Signed-off-by: Philip Withnall <withnall@endlessm.com>
Fixes: #12035
We should never have used an unprefixed environment variable name.
All other systemd-nspawn variables have the "SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_" prefix,
and all other systemd variables have the "SYSTEMD_" prefix.
The new variable name takes precedence, but we fall back to checking the
old one. If only the old one is found, a warning is emitted.
In addition, SYSTEMD_NSPAWN_UNIFIED_HIERARCHY="" is accepted as an override
to avoid looking for the old variable name.
We have a variable with the same name ($UNIFIED_CGROUP_HIERARCHY) in tests,
which governs both systemd-nspawn and qemu behaviour. It is not renamed.
Introduce support for configuring cpus and mems for processes using
cgroup v2 CPUSET controller. This allows users to limit which cpus
and memory NUMA nodes can be used by processes to better utilize
system resources.
The cgroup v2 interfaces to control it are cpuset.cpus and cpuset.mems
where the requested configuration is written. However, it doesn't mean
that the requested configuration will be actually used as parent cgroup
may limit the cpus or mems as well. In order to reflect the real
configuration cgroup v2 provides read-only files cpuset.cpus.effective
and cpuset.mems.effective which are exported to users as well.
In various circumstances, overriding the kernel commandline can be inconvenient.
People have different bootloaders, and e.g. the grub config can be pretty scary.
grubby helps, but it isn't always available.
This option adds an alternative mechanism that can quite convenient on EFI
systems. cmdline settings have higher priority, because they can be (usually)
changed on the bootloader prompt.
$SYSTEMD_EFI_OPTIONS can be used to override, same as $SYSTEMD_PROC_CMDLINE.
In the past, we asked people to open a security bug on one of the "big"
distros. This worked OK as far as getting bugs reported and notifying some
upstream developers went. But we always had trouble getting information to
all the appropriate parties, because each time a bug was reported, a big
thread was created, with a growing CC list. People who were not CCed early
enough were missing some information, etc.
To clean this up, we decided to create a private mailing list. The natural
place would be freedesktop.org, but unfortunately the request to create a
mailing list wasn't handled
(https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/freedesktop/freedesktop/issues/134). And even
if it was, at this point, if there was ever another administrative issue, it
seems likely it could take months to resolve. So instead, we asked for a list
to be created on the redhat mailservers.
Please consider the previous security issue reporting mechanisms rescinded, and
send any senstive bugs to systemd-security@redhat.com.
Let's hide non-UTF-8 locales by default. It's 2019 after all.
Let's add an undocumented env var to reenable listing them though.
This should substantially shorten the list of choices we offer users,
and only show realistic choices.
note that only firstboot and localectl make use of this information, and
both allow configuration of values outside of these lists, hence all
this change does is hide legacy options, but they are still available if
you know what you do, and that's how it should be.
It was only used for exactly one thing: to substitute in the text in
/var/log/README. But it's use there was completely wrong, because the text
talks about "missing" log files from syslog, so even if we configured systemd
to log to a different directory, the "missing" log files would still be
"missing" from the old location.
Not everybody has those dirs in the filesystem (and they don't need to).
When creating an installation package using $DESTDIR, it is easy enough to
remove or ignore those directories, but if installing into a real root, it
is ugly to create and remove them. Let's add an option so people can skip
it if they want.
Inspired by #12930.
includes two travis ci steps:
1) Every pull-request/push all fuzzing targets will do a quick
sanity run on the generated corpus and crashes (via Fuzzit)
2) On a daily basis the fuzzing targets will be compiled (from
master) and will and their respectible fuzzing job on Fuzzit
will be updated to the new binary.
When shooting down a service with SIGABRT the user might want to have a
much longer stop timeout than on regular stops/shutdowns. Especially in
the face of short stop timeouts the time might not be sufficient to
write huge core dumps before the service is killed.
This commit adds a dedicated (Default)TimeoutAbortSec= timer that is
used when stopping a service via SIGABRT. In all other cases the
existing TimeoutStopSec= is used. The timer value is unset by default
to skip the special handling and use TimeoutStopSec= for state
'stop-watchdog' to keep the old behaviour.
If the service is in state 'stop-watchdog' and the service should be
stopped explicitly we still go to 'stop-sigterm' and re-apply the usual
TimeoutStopSec= timeout.
In cgroup v2 we have protection tunables -- currently MemoryLow and
MemoryMin (there will be more in future for other resources, too). The
design of these protection tunables requires not only intermediate
cgroups to propagate protections, but also the units at the leaf of that
resource's operation to accept it (by setting MemoryLow or MemoryMin).
This makes sense from an low-level API design perspective, but it's a
good idea to also have a higher-level abstraction that can, by default,
propagate these resources to children recursively. In this patch, this
happens by having descendants set memory.low to N if their ancestor has
DefaultMemoryLow=N -- assuming they don't set a separate MemoryLow
value.
Any affected unit can opt out of this propagation by manually setting
`MemoryLow` to some value in its unit configuration. A unit can also
stop further propagation by setting `DefaultMemoryLow=` with no
argument. This removes further propagation in the subtree, but has no
effect on the unit itself (for that, use `MemoryLow=0`).
Our use case in production is simplifying the configuration of machines
which heavily rely on memory protection tunables, but currently require
tweaking a huge number of unit files to make that a reality. This
directive makes that significantly less fragile, and decreases the risk
of misconfiguration.
After this patch is merged, I will implement DefaultMemoryMin= using the
same principles.
Benjamin Berg