When generating utmp/wtmp entries, optionally add both LOGIN_PROCESS and
INIT_PROCESS entries or even all three of LOGIN_PROCESS, INIT_PROCESS
and USER_PROCESS entries, instead of just a single INIT_PROCESS entry.
With this change systemd may be used to not only invoke a getty directly
in a SysV-compliant way but alternatively also a login(1) implementation
or even forego getty and login entirely, and invoke arbitrary shells in
a way that they appear in who(1) or w(1).
This is preparation for a later commit that adds a "machinectl shell"
operation to invoke a shell in a container, in a way that is compatible
with who(1) and w(1).
If a service has both ExecStart= and ExecStartPost= set with
Type=simple, then it might happen that we have two children create the
runtime directory of a service (as configured with RuntimeDirectory=) at
the same time. Previously we did this with mkdir_safe() which will
create the dir only if it is missing, but if it already exists will at
least verify the access mode and ownership to match the right values.
This is problematic in this case, since it creates and then adjusts the
settings, thus it might happen that one child creates the directory with
root owner, another one then verifies it, and only afterwards the
directory ownership is fixed by the original child, while the second
child already failed.
With this change we'll now always adjust the access mode, so that we
know that it is right. In the worst case this means we adjust the
mode/ownership even though its unnecessary, but this should have no
negative effect.
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1226509
When command path has access label and no SmackProcessLabel= is not
set, default process label will be set. But if the default process
label has no rule for the access label of the command path then smack
access error will be occurred.
So, if the command path has execute label then the child have to set
its label to the same of execute label of command path instead of
default process label.
The latest consolidation cleanup of write_string_file() revealed some users
of that helper which should have used write_string_file_no_create() in the
past but didn't. Basically, all existing users that write to files in /sys
and /proc should not expect to write to a file which is not yet existant.
Merge write_string_file(), write_string_file_no_create() and
write_string_file_atomic() into write_string_file() and provide a flags mask
that allows combinations of atomic writing, newline appending and automatic
file creation. Change all users accordingly.
Similar to SmackProcessLabel=, if this configuration is set, systemd
executes processes with given SMACK label. If unit has
SmackProcessLabel=, this config is overwritten.
But, do NOT be confused with SMACK64EXEC of execute file. This default
execute process label(and also label which is set by
SmackProcessLabel=) is set fork-ed process SMACK subject label and
used to access the execute file.
If the execution file has also SMACK64EXEC, finally executed process
has SMACK64EXEC subject.
While if the execution file has no SMACK64EXEC, the executed process
has label of this config(or label which is set by
SmackProcessLabel=). Because if execution file has no SMACK64EXEC then
excuted process inherits label from caller process(in this case, the
caller is systemd).
./configure --enable/disable-kdbus can be used to set the default
behavior regarding kdbus.
If no kdbus kernel support is available, dbus-dameon will be used.
With --enable-kdbus, the kernel command line option "kdbus=0" can
be used to disable kdbus.
With --disable-kdbus, the kernel command line option "kdbus=1" is
required to enable kdbus support.
Commit 72c0a2c25 ("everywhere: port everything to sigprocmask_many()
and friends") reworked code tree-wide to use the new sigprocmask_many()
helper. In this, it caused a regression in pam_setup, because it
dropped a line to initialize the 'ss' signal mask which is later used
in sigwait().
While at it, move the variable declaration to an inner scope.
This ports a lot of manual code over to sigprocmask_many() and friends.
Also, we now consistly check for sigprocmask() failures with
assert_se(), since the call cannot realistically fail unless there's a
programming error.
Also encloses a few sd_event_add_signal() calls with (void) when we
ignore the return values for it knowingly.
Also, when the child is potentially long-running make sure to set a
death signal.
Also, ignore the result of the reset operations explicitly by casting
them to (void).
When a service is chrooted with the option RootDirectory=/opt/..., then
the options PrivateDevices, PrivateTmp, ProtectHome, ProtectSystem must
mount the directories under $RootDirectory/{dev,tmp,home,usr,boot}.
The test-ns tool can test setup_namespace() with and without chroot:
$ sudo TEST_NS_PROJECTS=/home/lennart/projects ./test-ns
$ sudo TEST_NS_CHROOT=/home/alban/debian-tree TEST_NS_PROJECTS=/home/alban/debian-tree/home/alban/Documents ./test-ns
This changes log_unit_info() (and friends) to take a real Unit* object
insted of just a unit name as parameter. The call will now prefix all
logged messages with the unit name, thus allowing the unit name to be
dropped from the various passed romat strings, simplifying invocations
drastically, and unifying log output across messages. Also, UNIT= vs.
USER_UNIT= is now derived from the Manager object attached to the Unit
object, instead of getpid(). This has the benefit of correcting the
field for --test runs.
Also contains a couple of other logging improvements:
- Drops a couple of strerror() invocations in favour of using %m.
- Not only .mount units now warn if a symlinks exist for the mount
point already, .automount units do that too, now.
- A few invocations of log_struct() that didn't actually pass any
additional structured data have been replaced by simpler invocations
of log_unit_info() and friends.
- For structured data a new LOG_UNIT_MESSAGE() macro has been added,
that works like LOG_MESSAGE() but prefixes the message with the unit
name. Similar, there's now LOG_LINK_MESSAGE() and
LOG_NETDEV_MESSAGE().
- For structured data new LOG_UNIT_ID(), LOG_LINK_INTERFACE(),
LOG_NETDEV_INTERFACE() macros have been added that generate the
necessary per object fields. The old log_unit_struct() call has been
removed in favour of these new macros used in raw log_struct()
invocations. In addition to removing one more function call this
allows generated structured log messages that contain two object
fields, as necessary for example for network interfaces that are
joined into another network interface, and whose messages shall be
indexed by both.
- The LOG_ERRNO() macro has been removed, in favour of
log_struct_errno(). The latter has the benefit of ensuring that %m in
format strings is properly resolved to the specified error number.
- A number of logging messages have been converted to use
log_unit_info() instead of log_info()
- The client code in sysv-generator no longer #includes core code from
src/core/.
- log_unit_full_errno() has been removed, log_unit_full() instead takes
an errno now, too.
- log_unit_info(), log_link_info(), log_netdev_info() and friends, now
avoid double evaluation of their parameters
This patch removes includes that are not used. The removals were found with
include-what-you-use which checks if any of the symbols from a header is
in use.
include-what-you-use automatically does this and it makes finding
unnecessary harder to spot. The only content of poll.h is a include
of sys/poll.h so should be harmless.
After all it is now much more like strjoin() than strappend(). At the
same time, add support for NULL sentinels, even if they are normally not
necessary.
Among other things, avoid log_struct() unless we really need it.
Also, use "r" as variable to store function errors in, instead of "err".
"r" is pretty much what we use everywhere else, hence using the same
here make sense.
FInally, in the child, when we want to log, make sure to open the
logging framework first, since it is explicitly closed in preparation
for the exec().
When systemd starts a service, it first opened /run/systemd/journal/stdout
socket, and only later switched to the right user.group (if they are
specified). Later on, journald looked at the credentials, and saw
root.root, because credentials are stored at the time the socket is
opened. As a result, all messages passed over _TRANSPORT=stdout were
logged with _UID=0, _GID=0.
Drop real uid and gid temporarily to fix the issue.
We need original socket_fd around otherwise mac_selinux_get_child_mls_label
fails with -EINVAL return code. Also don't call setexeccon twice but rather pass
context value of SELinuxContext option as an extra argument.
If the format string contains %m, clearly errno must have a meaningful
value, so we might as well use log_*_errno to have ERRNO= logged.
Using:
find . -name '*.[ch]' | xargs sed -r -i -e \
's/log_(debug|info|notice|warning|error|emergency)\((".*%m.*")/log_\1_errno(errno, \2/'
Plus some whitespace, linewrap, and indent adjustments.
As a followup to 086891e5c1 "log: add an "error" parameter to all
low-level logging calls and intrdouce log_error_errno() as log calls
that take error numbers", use sed to convert the simple cases to use
the new macros:
find . -name '*.[ch]' | xargs sed -r -i -e \
's/log_(debug|info|notice|warning|error|emergency)\("(.*)%s"(.*), strerror\(-([a-zA-Z_]+)\)\);/log_\1_errno(-\4, "\2%m"\3);/'
Multi-line log_*() invocations are not covered.
And we also should add log_unit_*_errno().
- Rename log_meta() → log_internal(), to follow naming scheme of most
other log functions that are usually invoked through macros, but never
directly.
- Rename log_info_object() to log_object_info(), simply because the
object should be before any other parameters, to follow OO-style
programming style.
In service file, if the file has some of special SMACK label in
ExecStart= and systemd has no permission for the special SMACK label
then permission error will occurred. To resolve this, systemd should
be able to set its SMACK label to something accessible of ExecStart=.
So introduce new SmackProcessLabel. If label is specified with
SmackProcessLabel= then the child systemd will set its label to
that. To successfully execute the ExecStart=, accessible label should
be specified with SmackProcessLabel=.
Additionally, by SMACK policy, if the file in ExecStart= has no
SMACK64EXEC then the executed process will have given label by
SmackProcessLabel=. But if the file has SMACK64EXEC then the
SMACK64EXEC label will be overridden.
[zj: reword man page]
For priviliged units this resource control property ensures that the
processes have all controllers systemd manages enabled.
For unpriviliged services (those with User= set) this ensures that
access rights to the service cgroup is granted to the user in question,
to create further subgroups. Note that this only applies to the
name=systemd hierarchy though, as access to other controllers is not
safe for unpriviliged processes.
Delegate=yes should be set for container scopes where a systemd instance
inside the container shall manage the hierarchies below its own cgroup
and have access to all controllers.
Delegate=yes should also be set for user@.service, so that systemd
--user can run, controlling its own cgroup tree.
This commit changes machined, systemd-nspawn@.service and user@.service
to set this boolean, in order to ensure that container management will
just work, and the user systemd instance can run fine.
If we don't have privileges to setup the namespaces then we are most likely
running inside some sort of unprivileged container, hence not being able to
create namespace is not a problem because spawned service can't access host
system anyway.
Since aa_change_onexec return the error code in errno, and return
-1, the current code do not give any useful information when
something fail. This make apparmor easier to debug, as seen on
https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=760526
This makes possible to spawn service instances triggered by socket with
MLS/MCS SELinux labels which are created based on information provided by
connected peer.
Implementation of label_get_child_mls_label derived from xinetd.
Reviewed-by: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com>
If BusPolicy= was passed, the parser function will have created
an ExecContext->bus_endpoint object, along with policy information.
In that case, create a kdbus endpoint, and pass its path name to the
namespace logic, to it will be mounted over the actual 'bus' node.
At endpoint creation time, no policy is updloaded. That is done after
fork(), through a separate call. This is necessary because we don't
know the real uid of the process earlier than that.
If a path to a previously created custom kdbus endpoint is passed in,
bind-mount a new devtmpfs that contains a 'bus' node, which in turn in
bind-mounted with the custom endpoint. This tmpfs then mounted over the
kdbus subtree that refers to the current bus.
This way, we can fake the bus node in order to lock down services with
a kdbus custom endpoint policy.
This factors out one conditional branch that has grown way too big, and
makes the code more readable by using return statements rather than jump
labels.
This way, the list of arguments to that function gets more comprehensive,
and we can get around passing lots of NULL and 0 arguments from socket.c,
swap.c and mount.c.
It also allows for splitting up the code in exec_spawn().
While at it, make ExecContext const in execute.c.
This makes possible to spawn service instances triggered by socket with
MLS/MCS SELinux labels which are created based on information provided by
connected peer.
Implementation of label_get_child_label derived from xinetd.
Reviewed-by: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com>
A new tool "systemd-firstboot" can be used either interactively on boot,
where it will query basic locale, timezone, hostname, root password
information and set it. Or it can be used non-interactively from the
command line when prepareing disk images for booting. When used
non-inertactively the tool can either copy settings from the host, or
take settings on the command line.
$ systemd-firstboot --root=/path/to/my/new/root --copy-locale --copy-root-password --hostname=waldi
The tool will be automatically invoked (interactively) now on first boot
if /etc is found unpopulated.
This also creates the infrastructure for generators to be notified via
an environment variable whether they are running on the first boot, or
not.
Also, rename ProtectedHome= to ProtectHome=, to simplify things a bit.
With this in place we now have two neat options ProtectSystem= and
ProtectHome= for protecting the OS itself (and optionally its
configuration), and for protecting the user's data.
ReadOnlySystem= uses fs namespaces to mount /usr and /boot read-only for
a service.
ProtectedHome= uses fs namespaces to mount /home and /run/user
inaccessible or read-only for a service.
This patch also enables these settings for all our long-running services.
Together they should be good building block for a minimal service
sandbox, removing the ability for services to modify the operating
system or access the user's private data.
tcpwrap is legacy code, that is barely maintained upstream. It's APIs
are awful, and the feature set it exposes (such as DNS and IDENT
access control) questionnable. We should not support this natively in
systemd.
Hence, let's remove the code. If people want to continue making use of
this, they can do so by plugging in "tcpd" for the processes they start.
With that scheme things are as well or badly supported as they were from
traditional inetd, hence no functionality is really lost.
safe_close_pair() is more like safe_close(), except that it handles
pairs of fds, and doesn't make and misleading allusion, as it works
similarly well for socketpairs() as for pipe()s...
safe_close() automatically becomes a NOP when a negative fd is passed,
and returns -1 unconditionally. This makes it easy to write lines like
this:
fd = safe_close(fd);
Which will close an fd if it is open, and reset the fd variable
correctly.
By making use of this new scheme we can drop a > 200 lines of code that
was required to test for non-negative fds or to reset the closed fd
variable afterwards.
This new unit settings allows restricting which address families are
available to processes. This is an effective way to minimize the attack
surface of services, by turning off entire network stacks for them.
This is based on seccomp, and does not work on x86-32, since seccomp
cannot filter socketcall() syscalls on that platform.
This permit to switch to a specific apparmor profile when starting a daemon. This
will result in a non operation if apparmor is disabled.
It also add a new build requirement on libapparmor for using this feature.
- Allow configuration of an errno error to return from blacklisted
syscalls, instead of immediately terminating a process.
- Fix parsing logic when libseccomp support is turned off
- Only keep the actual syscall set in the ExecContext, and generate the
string version only on demand.
Let's always call the security labels the same way:
SMACK: "Smack Label"
SELINUX: "SELinux Security Context"
And the low-level encapsulation is called "seclabel". Now let's hope we
stick to this vocabulary in future, too, and don't mix "label"s and
"security contexts" and so on wildly.
This permit to let system administrators decide of the domain of a service.
This can be used with templated units to have each service in a différent
domain ( for example, a per customer database, using MLS or anything ),
or can be used to force a non selinux enabled system (jvm, erlang, etc)
to start in a different domain for each service.
Similar to PrivateNetwork=, PrivateTmp= introduce PrivateDevices= that
sets up a private /dev with only the API pseudo-devices like /dev/null,
/dev/zero, /dev/random, but not any physical devices in them.
It is nicer to predefine patterns using configure time check instead of
using casts everywhere.
Since we do not need to use any flags, include "%" in the format instead
of excluding it like PRI* macros.
Also, introduce a new environment variable named $WATCHDOG_PID which
cotnains the PID of the process that is supposed to send the keep-alive
events. This is similar how $LISTEN_FDS and $LISTEN_PID work together,
and protects against confusing processes further down the process tree
due to inherited environment.
The only problem is that libgen.h #defines basename to point to it's
own broken implementation instead of the GNU one. This can be fixed
by #undefining basename.
Previously we did operations like attach, trim or migrate only on the
controllers that were enabled for a specific unit. With this changes we
will now do them for all supproted controllers, and fall back to all
possible prefix paths if the specified paths do not exist.
This fixes issues if a controller is being disabled for a unit where it
was previously enabled, and makes sure that all processes stay as "far
down" the tree as groups exist.
Make Type=idle communication bidirectional: when bootup is finished,
the manager, as before, signals idling Type=idle jobs to continue.
However, if the boot takes too long, idling jobs signal the manager
that they have had enough, wait a tiny bit more, and continue, taking
ownership of the console. The manager, when signalled that Type=idle
jobs are done, makes a note and will not write to the console anymore.
This is a cosmetic issue, but quite noticable, so let's just fix it.
Based on Harald Hoyer's patch.
https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=54247http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/51805/systemd-messages-after-starting-login/
The affected files in this patch had inconsistent use of tabs vs. spaces
for indentation, and this patch eliminates the stray tabs.
Also, the opening brace of sigchld_hdl() in activate.c was moved so the
opening braces are consistent throughout the file.
Replace the very generic cgroup hookup with a much simpler one. With
this change only the high-level cgroup settings remain, the ability to
set arbitrary cgroup attributes is removed, so is support for adding
units to arbitrary cgroup controllers or setting arbitrary paths for
them (especially paths that are different for the various controllers).
This also introduces a new -.slice root slice, that is the parent of
system.slice and friends. This enables easy admin configuration of
root-level cgrouo properties.
This replaces DeviceDeny= by DevicePolicy=, and implicitly adds in
/dev/null, /dev/zero and friends if DeviceAllow= is used (unless this is
turned off by DevicePolicy=).
I'm assuming that it's fine if a _const_ or _pure_ function
calls assert. It is assumed that the assert won't trigger,
and even if it does, it can only trigger on the first call
with a given set of parameters, and we don't care if the
compiler moves the order of calls.
Because "export key=val" is not supported by systemd, an error is logged
where the invalid assignment is coming from.
Introduce strv_env_clean_log() to log invalid environment assignments,
where logging is possible and allowed.
parse_env_file_internal() is modified to allow WHITESPACE in keys, to
report the issues later on.
Before, we would initialize many fields twice: first
by filling the structure with zeros, and then a second
time with the real values. We can let the compiler do
the job for us, avoiding one copy.
A downside of this patch is that text gets slightly
bigger. This is because all zero() calls are effectively
inlined:
$ size build/.libs/systemd
text data bss dec hex filename
before 897737 107300 2560 1007597 f5fed build/.libs/systemd
after 897873 107300 2560 1007733 f6075 build/.libs/systemd
… actually less than 1‰.
A few asserts that the parameter is not null had to be removed. I
don't think this changes much, because first, it is quite unlikely
for the assert to fail, and second, an immediate SEGV is almost as
good as an assert.
Implement this with a proper state machine, so that newlines and
escaped chars can appear in string assignments. This should bring the
parser much closer to shell.
Currently, PrivateTmp=yes means that the service cannot see the /tmp
shared by rest of the system and is isolated from other services using
PrivateTmp, but users can access and modify /tmp as seen by the
service.
Move the private /tmp and /var/tmp directories into a 0077-mode
directory. This way unpriviledged users on the system cannot see (or
modify) /tmp as seen by the service.
All Execs within the service, will get mounted the same
/tmp and /var/tmp directories, if service is configured with
PrivateTmp=yes. Temporary directories are cleaned up by service
itself in addition to systemd-tmpfiles. Directory which is mounted
as inaccessible is created at runtime in /run/systemd.
Similar to already existing is_terminal_input().
Note that the only current user (connect_logger_as) is never called
for EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY, so it won't mind whether we accept it.
journald is supposed to work. Failure to connect to its socket implies
losing messages. It should be a very unusual event. Log the failure with
LOG_CRIT.
Just because this unit's stdout/stderr failed to connect to the journal
does not necessarily mean that we shouldn't try to log the failure using
a structured entry, so let's use log_struct_unit.
Almost every unit logs to the journal. If journald gets a permanent
failure, units would not be able to start (exit code 209/STDOUT).
Add a fallback to /dev/null to avoid making the system entirely
unusable in such a case.
Now, actually check if the environment variable names and values used
are valid, before accepting them. With this in place are at some places
more rigid than POSIX, and less rigid at others. For example, this code
allows lower-case environment variables (which POSIX suggests not to
use), but it will not allow non-UTF8 variable values.
All in all this should be a good middle ground of what to allow and what
not to allow as environment variables.
(This also splits out all environment related calls into env-util.[ch])