The name "features" suggests an orthogonal bitmap or suchlike, but the
variables really encode only a linear set of feature levels. The type
used is already called DnsServerFeatureLevel, hence fix up the variables
accordingly, too.
This moves management of the OPT RR out of the scope management and into
the server and packet management. There are now explicit calls for
appending and truncating the OPT RR from a packet
(dns_packet_append_opt() and dns_packet_truncate_opt()) as well as a
call to do the right thing depending on a DnsServer's feature level
(dns_server_adjust_opt()).
This also unifies the code to pick a server between the TCP and UDP code
paths, and makes sure the feature level used for the transaction is
selected at the time the server is picked, and not changed until the
next time we pick a server. The server selction code is now unified in
dns_transaction_pick_server().
This all fixes problems when changing between UDP and TCP communication
for the same server, and makes sure the UDP and TCP codepaths are more
alike. It also makes sure we never keep the UDP port open when switchung
to TCP, so that we don't have to handle incoming datagrams on the latter
we don't expect.
As the new code picks the DNS server at the time we make a connection,
we don't need to invalidate the DNS server anymore when changing to the
next one, thus dns_transaction_next_dns_server() has been removed.
This new call unifies how we shut down all connection resources, such as
UDP sockets, event sources, and TCP stream objects.
This patch just adds the basic hook-up, this function will be used more
in later commits.
On LLMNR we never want to retry stream connections (since local TCP
connections should work, and we don't want to unnecessarily delay
operation), explicitly remember whether we already tried one, instead of
deriving this from a still stored stream object. This way, we can free
the stream early, without forgetting that we tried it.
Previously the calls for emitting DNS UDP packets were just called
dns_{transacion|scope}_emit(), but the one to establish a DNS TCP
connection was called dns_transaction_open_tcp(). Clean this up, and
rename them dns_{transaction|scope}_emit_udp() and
dns_transaction_open_tcp().
This adds a mode that makes resolved automatically downgrade from DNSSEC
support to classic non-DNSSEC resolving if the configured DNS server is
not capable of DNSSEC. Enabling this mode increases compatibility with
crappy network equipment, but of course opens up the system to
downgrading attacks.
The new mode can be enabled by setting DNSSEC=downgrade-ok in
resolved.conf. DNSSEC=yes otoh remains a "strict" mode, where DNS
resolving rather fails then allow downgrading.
Downgrading is done:
- when the server does not support EDNS0+DO
- or when the server supports it but does not augment returned RRs with
RRSIGs. The latter is detected when requesting DS or SOA RRs for the
root domain (which is necessary to do proofs for unsigned data)
Previously, if we couldn't reach a server via UDP we'd generate an
MAX_ATTEMPTS transaction result, but if we couldn't reach it via TCP
we'd generate a RESOURCES transaction result. While it is OK to generate
two different errors I think, "RESOURCES" is certainly a misnomer.
Introduce a new transaction result "CONNECTION_FAILURE" instead.
Previously, we'd insist on an RRSIG for all DS/NSEC/NSEC3 RRs. With this
change we don't do that anymore, but also allow unsigned DS/NSEC/NSEC3
if we can prove that the zone they are located in is unsigned.
This collects statistical data about transactions, dnssec verifications
and the cache, and exposes it over the bus. The systemd-resolve-host
tool learns new options to query these statistics and reset them.
Be stricter when searching suitable NSEC3 RRs for proof: generalize the
check we use to find suitable NSEC3 RRs, in nsec3_is_good(), and add
additional checks, such as checking whether all NSEC3 RRs use the same
parameters, have the same suffix and so on.
Let's simplify usage and memory management of DnsResourceRecord's
dns_resource_record_to_string() call: cache the formatted string as
part of the object, and return it on subsequent calls, freeing it when
the DnsResourceRecord itself is freed.
Let's make sure we propagate the DNSSEC validation status from an
auxiliary DNSSEC transaction back to the originating transaction, to
improve the error messages we generate.
We have many types of failure for a transaction, and
DNS_TRANSACTION_FAILURE was just one specific one of them, if the server
responded with a non-zero RCODE. Hence let's rename this, to indicate
which kind of failure this actually refers to.
This large patch adds a couple of mechanisms to ensure we get NSEC3 and
proof-of-unsigned support into place. Specifically:
- Each item in an DnsAnswer gets two bit flags now:
DNS_ANSWER_AUTHENTICATED and DNS_ANSWER_CACHEABLE. The former is
necessary since DNS responses might contain signed as well as unsigned
RRsets in one, and we need to remember which ones are signed and which
ones aren't. The latter is necessary, since not we need to keep track
which RRsets may be cached and which ones may not be, even while
manipulating DnsAnswer objects.
- The .n_answer_cachable of DnsTransaction is dropped now (it used to
store how many of the first DnsAnswer entries are cachable), and
replaced by the DNS_ANSWER_CACHABLE flag instead.
- NSEC3 proofs are implemented now (lacking support for the wildcard
part, to be added in a later commit).
- Support for the "AD" bit has been dropped. It's unsafe, and now that
we have end-to-end authentication we don't need it anymore.
- An auxiliary DnsTransaction of a DnsTransactions is now kept around as
least as long as the latter stays around. We no longer remove the
auxiliary DnsTransaction as soon as it completed. THis is necessary,
as we now are interested not only in the RRsets it acquired but also
in its authentication status.
A failing transaction might cause other transactions to fail too, and
thus the set of transactions to notify for a transaction might change
while we are notifying them. Protect against that.
We end up needing the stringified transaction key in many log messages,
hence let's simplify the logic and cache it inside of the transaction:
generate it the first time we need it, and reuse it afterwards. Free it
when the transaction goes away.
This also updated a couple of log messages to make use of this.
This changes answer validation to be more accepting to unordered RRs in
responses. The agorithm we now implement goes something like this:
1. populate validated keys list for this transaction from DS RRs
2. as long as the following changes the unvalidated answer list:
2a. try to validate the first RRset we find in unvalidated answer
list
2b. if that worked: add to validated answer; if DNSKEY also add to
validated keys list; remove from unvalidated answer.
2c. continue at 2a, with the next RRset, or restart from the
beginning when we hit the end
3. as long as the following changes the unvalidated answer list:
3a. try to validate the first RRset again. This will necessarily
fail, but we learn the precise error
3b. If this was a "primary" response to the question, fail the
entire transaction. "Primary" in this context means that it is
directly a response to the query, or a CNAME/DNAME for it.
3c. Otherwise, remove the RRset from the unvalidated answer list.
Note that we the too loops in 2 + 3 are actually coded as a single one,
but the dnskeys_finalized bool indicates which loop we are currently
processing.
Note that loop 2 does not drop any invalidated RRsets yet, that's
something only loop 3 does. This is because loop 2 might still encounter
additional DNSKEYS which might validate more stuff, and if we'd already
have dropped those RRsets we couldn't validate those anymore. The first
loop is hence a "constructive" loop, the second loop a "destructive"
one: the first one validates whatever is possible, the second one then
deletes whatever still isn't.
Instead of figuring out how many RRs to cache right before we do so,
determine this at the time we install the answer RRs, so that we can
still alter this as we manipulate the answer during validation.
The primary purpose of this is to pave the way so that we can drop
unsigned RRsets from the answer and invalidate the number of RRs to
cache at the same time.
Apart from dropping redundant information, this fixes an issue
where, due to broken DNS servers, we can only be certain of whether
an apparent NODATA response is in fact an NXDOMAIN response after
explicitly resolving the canonical name. This issue is outlined in
RFC2308. Moreover, by caching NXDOMAIN for an existing name, we
would mistakenly return NXDOMAIN for types which should not be
redirected. I.e., a query for AAAA on test-nx-1.jklm.no correctly
returns NXDOMAIN, but a query for CNAME should return the record
and a query for DNAME should return NODATA.
Note that this means we will not cache an NXDOMAIN response in the
presence of redirection, meaning one redundant roundtrip in case the
name is queried again.
Let's simply call it dns_transaction_prepare(), so that we have the nice
cycle for prepare() → go() → emit() → process().
After all it's pretty clear that what we prepare there, and we dont call
the others go_next_attempt(), emit_next_attempt() or
process_next_attempt().
This adds initial support for validating RRSIG/DNSKEY/DS chains when
doing lookups. Proof-of-non-existance, or proof-of-unsigned-zones is not
implemented yet.
With this change DnsTransaction objects will generate additional
DnsTransaction objects when looking for DNSKEY or DS RRs to validate an
RRSIG on a response. DnsTransaction objects are thus created for three
reasons now:
1) Because a user asked for something to be resolved, i.e. requested by
a DnsQuery/DnsQueryCandidate object.
2) As result of LLMNR RR probing, requested by a DnsZoneItem.
3) Because another DnsTransaction requires the requested RRs for
validation of its own response.
DnsTransactions are shared between all these users, and are GC
automatically as soon as all of these users don't need a specific
transaction anymore.
To unify the handling of these three reasons for existance for a
DnsTransaction, a new common naming is introduced: each DnsTransaction
now tracks its "owners" via a Set* object named "notify_xyz", containing
all owners to notify on completion.
A new DnsTransaction state is introduced called "VALIDATING" that is
entered after a response has been receieved which needs to be validated,
as long as we are still waiting for the DNSKEY/DS RRs from other
DnsTransactions.
This patch will request the DNSKEY/DS RRs bottom-up, and then validate
them top-down.
Caching of RRs is now only done after verification, so that the cache is
not poisoned with known invalid data.
The "DnsAnswer" object gained a substantial number of new calls, since
we need to add/remove RRs to it dynamically now.
This new functions exports cached records of type PTR, SRV and TXT into
an existing DnsPacket. This is used in order to fill in known records
to mDNS queries, for known answer supression.
Implement dns_transaction_make_packet_mdns(), a special version of
dns_transaction_make_packet() for mDNS which differs in many ways:
a) We coalesce queries of currently active transaction on the scope.
This is possible because mDNS actually allows many questions in a
to be sent in a single packet and it takes some burden from the
network.
b) Both A and AAAA query keys are broadcast on both IPv4 and IPv6
scopes, because other hosts might only respond on one of their
addresses but resolve both types.
c) We discard previously sent packages (t->sent) so we can start over
and coalesce pending transactions again.
For each transaction, record when the earliest point in time when the
query packet may hit the wire. This is the same time stamp for which
the timer is scheduled in retries, except for the initial query packets
which are delayed by a random jitter. In this case, we denote that the
packet may actually be sent at the nominal time, without the jitter.
Transactions that share the same timestamp will also have identical
values in this field. It is used to coalesce pending queries in a later
patch.
Split some code out of dns_transaction_go() so we can re-use it later from
different context. The new function dns_transaction_prepare_next_attempt()
takes care of preparing everything so that a new packet can conditionally
be formulated for a transaction.
This patch shouldn't cause any functional change.
Lennart Poettering