'stored on disk' gives the impression that this option affects only
permanent storage, even though it affects everything the journal
records, regardless of the storage type.
Use 'stored in the journal' to avoid confusion.
This section is loaded in a bunch of places, so this affects many
man pages.
1. point the reader to the synopsis section, which has the exact paths
that are used to load files.
2. put the "reference" part first, and recommendations later, in separate
paragraphs.
3. describe how individual settings and whole files are replaces.
Closes#12791.
(This also changes the suggested /etc/nsswitch.conf line to use for
hooking up nss-system to use glibc's [SUCCESS=merge] feature so that we
can properly merge group membership lists).
This also updates the suggested PAM snippet in a number of way:
1. Be closer to the logic nowadays implemented in Fedora where the
auth/account/password stacks are all finished off with
pam_{deny|permit}.so
2. Make pam_unix.so just "sufficient" instead of "required" (paving
ground for pam_systemd_home.so being hooked in as additional
sufficient module.
3. Only do pam_nologin in the "account" stack, since it's about account
validity really.
4. Use modern parameters to pam_unix when changing passwords, i.e.
sha512 and shadow, and use already set up passwords (preparing ground
for pam_systemd_home again)
There are sometimes users who put unit files in a location that is inaccessible
when systemd starts although they are not found and thus not started because
the corresponding mount units have not activated yet.
There is already a warning for such issue in man 8 systemctl:
link PATH...
...<snip>...
The file system where
the linked unit files are located must be accessible
when systemd is started (e.g. anything underneath /home
or /var is not allowed, unless those directories are
located on the root file system).
However, it looks that it's difficult to find the warning because introductory
users typically doesn't know systemctl link.
Although there is a description in UNIT FILE LOAD PATH pointing to systemctl
link, symlink is now not explicitly mentioned there and thus users doesn't
easily get aware of they should read it.
To deal with this, let's describe "symlink" and "systemctl link" more
explicitly in UNIT FILE LOAD PATH.
The document is rather huge, and a specific link is easier to consume. The form
is a bit strange because troff puts the symlink at the bottom, keyed by title,
so we need to use the same link target in all places.
Let's clarify that scope units can fail, but not due to process exit
statusses.
This hopefully clears up some confusion that manifested in #14142: scope
units can fail, but for other reasons than assumed there.
Fixes: #14142
This reverts commit 362c378291.
This commit introduced an ordering loop: remote-cryptsetup.target was both
before and after remote-fs-pre.target. It also globally ordered all cryptsetup
volumes before all mounts. Such global ordering is problematic if people have
stacked storage. Let's look for a different solution.
See https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/14378#discussion_r359460109.
Let per-user service managers have user namespaces too.
For unprivileged users, user namespaces are set up much earlier
(before the mount, network, and UTS namespaces vs after) in
order to obtain capbilities in the new user namespace and enable use of
the other listed namespaces. However for privileged users (root), the
set up for the user namspace is still done at the end to avoid any
restrictions with combining namespaces inside a user namespace (see
inline comments).
Closes#10576
PrefixRoute= was added by e63be0847c,
but unfortunately, the meaning of PrefixRoute= is inverted; when true
IFA_F_NOPREFIXROUTE flag is added. This introduces AddPrefixRoute=
setting.
Intermediate Functional Block
The Intermediate Functional Block (ifb) pseudo network interface acts as a QoS concentrator for multiple different sources of traffic. Packets from or to other interfaces have to be redirected to it using the mirred action in order to be handled, regularly routed traffic will be dropped. This way, a single stack of qdiscs, classes and filters can be shared between multiple interfaces.
Here's a simple example to feed incoming traffic from multiple interfaces through a Stochastic Fairness Queue (sfq):
(1) # modprobe ifb
(2) # ip link set ifb0 up
(3) # tc qdisc add dev ifb0 root sfq
This option is an indication for PID1 that the entry in crypttab is handled by
initrd only and therefore it shouldn't interfer during the usual start-up and
shutdown process.
It should be primarily used with the encrypted device containing the root FS as
we want to keep it (and thus its encrypted device) until the very end of the
shutdown process, i.e. when initrd takes over.
This option is the counterpart of "x-initrd.mount" used in fstab.
Note that the slice containing the cryptsetup services also needs to drop the
usual shutdown dependencies as it's required by the cryptsetup services.
Fixes: #14224
Stochastic Fairness Queueing is a classless queueing discipline.
SFQ does not shape traffic but only schedules the transmission of packets, based on 'flows'.
The goal is to ensure fairness so that each flow is able to send data in turn,
thus preventing any single flow from drowning out the rest.
The actual burst limit is modified by the remaining disk space. This
isn't mentioned anywhere in the available documentation and might be a
source of surprise for an end user expecting certain behaviors.
We don't, the signal remains blocked. We use signalfd() to be able to
read the signal events without unblocking the signal.
While we are at it, mention that pthread_sigmask() is fine too.
The docs didn't talk about this, so let's add an explicit mention that the
boot loader must cooperate. And also make the message from the generator
notice level. This should help people who are trying to mix grub and the
gpt auto logic.
Let's make sure we get back to 100% man page documentation coverage of
our sd-event APIs. We are bad enough at the others, let's get these ones
right at least.
We dropped documentation from sd_journal_open_container() long ago
(since the call is obsolete), hence drop the reference to machined. But
add one in for journald instead.
systemd.nspawn(5) contained a partial repeat of the stuff that is now in the
dedicated man page. Let's just refer to that.
While at it, do s/searched/searched for/ where appropriate and reword some
sentences for brevity.
In those two pages, we need to include individual entries with xi:include to
merge the list less-variables.xml with the other entries, which is obviously
error prone. All variables are supported in both tools so add them.
When wrong element types are used, directives are sometimes placed in the wrong
section. Also, strip part of text starting with "'", which is used in a few
places and which is displayed improperly in the index.
Apparently some firmwares don't allow us to write this token, and refuse
it with EINVAL. We should normally consider that a fatal error, but not
really in the case of "bootctl random-seed" when called from the
systemd-boot-system-token.service since it's called as "best effort"
service after boot on various systems, and hence we shouldn't fail
loudly.
Similar, when we cannot find the ESP don't fail either, since there are
systems (arch install ISOs) that carry a boot loader capable of the
random seed logic but don't mount it after boot.
Fixes: #13603
Daan De Meyer