udev - userspace device management
For more information see the files in the docs/ directory.
Important Note:
Integrating udev in the system has complex dependencies and differs from distro
to distro. All major distros depend on udev these days and the system may not
work without a properly installed version. The upstream udev project does not
recommend to replace a distro's udev installation with the upstream version.
Requirements:
- Version 2.6.25 of the Linux kernel with sysfs, procfs, signalfd, inotify,
unix domain sockets, networking and hotplug enabled.
- For reliable operation, the kernel must not use the CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED*
option.
- Unix domain sockets (CONFIG_UNIX) as a loadable kernel module is not
supported.
- The proc filesystem must be mounted on /proc/, the sysfs filesystem must
be mounted at /sys/. No other locations are supported by udev.
- The system must have the following group names resolvable at udev startup:
disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
Especially in LDAP setups, it is required, that getgrnam() is able to resolve
these group names with only the rootfs mounted, and while no network is
available.
Operation:
Udev creates and removes device nodes in /dev/, based on events the kernel
sends out on device discovery or removal.
- Early in the boot process, the /dev/ directory should get a 'tmpfs'
filesystem mounted, which is maintained by udev. Created nodes or changed
permissions will not survive a reboot, which is intentional.
- The content of /lib/udev/devices/ directory which contains the nodes,
symlinks and directories, which are always expected to be in /dev, should
be copied over to the tmpfs mounted /dev, to provide the required nodes
to initialize udev and continue booting.
- The old hotplug helper /sbin/hotplug should be disabled in the kernel
configuration, it is not needed, and may render the system unusable
because of a fork-bombing behavior.
- All kernel events are matched against a set of specified rules in
/lib/udev/rules.d/ which make it possible to hook into the event
processing to load required kernel modules and setup devices. For all
devices the kernel exports a major/minor number, udev will create a
device node with the default kernel name, or the one specified by a
matching udev rule.
Please direct any comment/question/concern to the linux-hotplug mailing list at:
linux-hotplug@vger.kernel.org
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