451 lines
23 KiB
XML
451 lines
23 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="systemd.journal-fields">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>systemd.journal-fields</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>systemd.journal-fields</refname>
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<refpurpose>Special journal fields</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>Entries in the journal resemble an environment
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block in their syntax, however with fields that can
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include binary data. Primarily, fields are formatted
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UTF-8 text strings, and binary formatting is used only
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where formatting as UTF-8 text strings makes little
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sense. New fields may freely be defined by
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applications, but a few fields have special
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meaning. All fields with special meanings are
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optional. In some cases fields may appear more than
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once per entry.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>User Journal Fields</title>
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<para>User fields are fields that are directly passed
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from clients and stored in the journal.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MESSAGE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The human readable
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message string for this
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entry. This is supposed to be
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the primary text shown to the
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user. It is usually not
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translated (but might be in
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some cases), and is not
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supposed to be parsed for meta
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data.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>MESSAGE_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A 128bit message
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identifier ID for recognizing
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certain message types, if this
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is desirable. This should
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contain a 128bit id formatted
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as lower-case hexadecimal
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string, without any separating
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dashes or suchlike. This is
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recommended to be a UUID
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compatible ID, but this is not
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enforced, and formatted
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differently. Developers can
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generate a new ID for this
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purpose with
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<command>journalctl
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--new-id</command>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>PRIORITY=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A priority value between
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0 (<literal>emerg</literal>)
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and 7
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(<literal>debug</literal>)
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formatted as decimal
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string. This field is
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compatible with syslog's
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priority concept.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>CODE_FILE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>CODE_LINE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>CODE_FUNC=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The code location
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generating this message, if
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known. Contains the source
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file name, the line number and
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the function name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>ERRNO=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The low-level Unix error
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number causing this entry, if
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any. Contains the numeric
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value of
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>errno</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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formatted as decimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_FACILITY=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>SYSLOG_PID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Syslog compatibility
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fields containing the facility
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(formatted as decimal string),
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the identifier string
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(i.e. "tag"), and the client
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PID.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Trusted Journal Fields</title>
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<para>Fields prefixed with an underscore are trusted
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fields, i.e. fields that are implicitly added by the
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journal and cannot be altered by client code.</para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_PID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_UID=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_GID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The process, user and
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group ID of the process the
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journal entry originates from
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formatted as decimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_COMM=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_EXE=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_CMDLINE=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name, the executable
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path and the command line of
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the process the journal entry
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originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_AUDIT_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_AUDIT_LOGINUID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The session and login
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UID of the process the journal
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entry originates from, as
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maintained by the kernel audit
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subsystem.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_SESSION=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=</varname></term>
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<term><varname>_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The control group path in
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the systemd hierarchy, the
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systemd session ID (if any),
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the systemd unit name (if any)
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and the owner UID of the
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systemd session (if any) of
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the process the journal entry
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originates from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SELINUX_CONTEXT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The SELinux security
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context of the process the
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journal entry originates
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from.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The earliest trusted
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timestamp of the message, if
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any is known that is different
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from the reception time of the
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journal. This is the time in
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usec since the epoch UTC
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formatted as decimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_BOOT_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel boot ID for
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the boot the message was
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generated in, formatted as
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128bit hexadecimal
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string.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_MACHINE_ID=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The machine ID of the
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originating host, as available
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in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_HOSTNAME=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The name of the
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originating host.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>_TRANSPORT=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>How the entry was
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received by the journal
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service. One of
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<literal>driver</literal>,
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<literal>syslog</literal>,
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<literal>journal</literal>,
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<literal>stdout</literal>,
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<literal>kernel</literal> for
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internally generated messages,
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for those received via the
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local syslog socket with the
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syslog protocol, for those
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received via the native
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journal protocol, for the
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those read from a services'
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standard output or error
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output, or for those read
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from the kernel, respectively.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Kernel Journal Fields</title>
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<para>Kernel fields are fields that are used by
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messages originating in the kernel and stored in the
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journal.</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel device
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name. If the entry is
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associated to a block device,
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the major and minor of the
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device node, separated by ':'
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and prefixed by 'b'. Similar
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for character devices, but
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prefixed by 'c'. For network
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devices the interface index,
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prefixed by 'n'. For all other
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devices '+' followed by the
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subsystem name, followed by
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':', followed by the kernel
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device name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_KERNEL_SUBSYSTEM=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel subsystem name.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_UDEV_SYSNAME=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The kernel device name
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as it shows up in the device
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tree below
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<filename>/sys</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_UDEV_DEVNODE=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The device node path of
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this device in
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<filename>/dev</filename>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>_UDEV_DEVLINK=</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Additional symlink names
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pointing to the device node in
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<filename>/dev</filename>. This
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field is frequently set more
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than once per entry.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Address Fields</title>
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<para>During serialization into external formats, such
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as the <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal
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Export Format</ulink> or the <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/json">Journal
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JSON Format</ulink>, the addresses of journal entries
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are serialized into fields prefixed with double
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underscores. Note that these aren't proper fields when
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stored in the journal, but addressing meta data of
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entries. They cannot be written as part of structured
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log entries via calls such as
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_send</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>. They
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may also not be used as matches for
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd_journal_add_match</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry></para>
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<variablelist class='journal-directives'>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>__CURSOR=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The cursor for the
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entry. A cursor is an opaque
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text string that uniquely
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describes the position of an
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entry in the journal and is
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portable across machines,
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platforms and journal
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files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The wallclock time
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(CLOCK_REALTIME) at the point
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in time the entry was received
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by the journal, in usec since
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the epoch UTC formatted as
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decimal string. This has
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different properties from
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<literal>_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=</literal>
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as it is usually a bit later
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but more likely to be
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monotonic.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP=</varname></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The monotonic time
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(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) at the point
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in time the entry was received
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by the journal in usec
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formatted as decimal
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string. To be useful as an
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address for the entry this
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should be combined with with
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boot ID in
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<literal>_BOOT_ID=</literal>.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sd-journal</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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