537 lines
23 KiB
XML
537 lines
23 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2010 Brandon Philips
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="tmpfiles.d">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>tmpfiles.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Documentation</contrib>
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<firstname>Brandon</firstname>
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<surname>Philips</surname>
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<email>brandon@ifup.org</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>tmpfiles.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>tmpfiles.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of
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volatile and temporary files</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/run/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> uses the configuration
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files from the above directories to describe the creation,
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cleaning and removal of volatile and temporary files and
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directories which usually reside in directories such as
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<filename>/run</filename> or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
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<para>Volatile and temporary files and directories are those
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located in <filename>/run</filename> (and its alias
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<filename>/var/run</filename>), <filename>/tmp</filename>,
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<filename>/var/tmp</filename>, the API file systems such as
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<filename>/sys</filename> or <filename>/proc</filename>, as well
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as some other directories below <filename>/var</filename>.</para>
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<para>System daemons frequently require private runtime
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directories below <filename>/run</filename> to place communication
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sockets and similar in. For these, consider declaring them in
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their unit files using <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname> (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for details), if this is feasible.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename> or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable to make it
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easy to override just this part of configuration.</para>
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<para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files
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with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files with the same
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name in <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages should
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install their configuration files in
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<filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for the local
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administrator, who may use this logic to override the
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configuration files installed by vendor packages. All
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configuration files are sorted by their filename in lexicographic
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order, regardless of which of the directories they reside in. If
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multiple files specify the same path, the entry in the file with
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the lexicographically earliest name will be applied. All other
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conflicting entries will be logged as errors. When two lines are
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prefix and suffix of each other, then the prefix is always
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processed first, the suffix later. Otherwise, the
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files/directories are processed in the order they are
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listed.</para>
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<para>If the administrator wants to disable a configuration file
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supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink
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to <filename>/dev/null</filename> in
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<filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d/</filename> bearing the same filename.
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</para>
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<para>The configuration format is one line per path containing
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type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument fields:</para>
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<programlisting>#Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
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d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
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L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null</programlisting>
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<para>Fields may be enclosed within quotes and contain C-style escapes.</para>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single letter and optionally an
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exclamation mark.</para>
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<para>The following line types are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>f</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If
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the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the
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file.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>F</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument
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parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>w</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Write the argument parameter to a file, if
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the file exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style
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globs in place of normal path names. The argument parameter
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will be written without a trailing newline. C-style
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backslash escapes are interpreted.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>d</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>D</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create or empty a directory.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>v</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a subvolume if the path does not
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exist yet and the file system supports this
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(btrfs). Otherwise create a normal directory, in the same
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way as <varname>d</varname>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>p</varname></term>
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<term><varname>p+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not
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exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
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already exists where the pipe is to be created, it will be
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removed and be replaced by the pipe.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>L</varname></term>
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<term><varname>L+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist
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yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
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already exists where the symlink is to be created, it will
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be removed and be replaced by the symlink. If the argument
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is omitted, symlinks to files with the same name residing in
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the directory <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> are
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created.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>c</varname></term>
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<term><varname>c+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does
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not exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a
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file already exists where the device node is to be created,
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it will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is
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recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to
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only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not
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manage static device nodes that are created at runtime.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>b</varname></term>
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<term><varname>b+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not
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exist yet. If suffixed with <varname>+</varname> and a file
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already exists where the device node is to be created, it
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will be removed and be replaced by the device node. It is
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recommended to suffix this entry with an exclamation mark to
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only create static device nodes at boot, as udev will not
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manage static device nodes that are created at runtime.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>C</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively copy a file or directory, if the
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destination files or directories do not exist yet. Note that
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this command will not descend into subdirectories if the
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destination directory already exists. Instead, the entire
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copy operation is skipped. If the argument is omitted, files
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from the source directory
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<filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename> with the same name
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are copied.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>x</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Note that lines of this type do not influence the
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effect of <varname>r</varname> or <varname>R</varname>
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lines. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in place
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of normal path names. </para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>X</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Ignore a path during cleaning. Use this type
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to exclude paths from clean-up as controlled with the Age
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parameter. Unlike <varname>x</varname>, this parameter will
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not exclude the content if path is a directory, but only
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directory itself. Note that lines of this type do not
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influence the effect of <varname>r</varname> or
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<varname>R</varname> lines. Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>r</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Remove a file or directory if it exists.
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This may not be used to remove non-empty directories, use
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<varname>R</varname> for that. Lines of this type accept
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shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>R</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively remove a path and all its
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subdirectories (if it is a directory). Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in place of normal path
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names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Adjust the access mode, group and user, and
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restore the SELinux security context of a file or directory,
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if it exists. Lines of this type accept shell-style globs in
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place of normal path names.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>Z</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively set the access mode, group and
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user, and restore the SELinux security context of a file or
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directory if it exists, as well as of its subdirectories and
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the files contained therein (if applicable). Lines of this
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type accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>t</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set extended attributes. Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names.
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This can be useful for setting SMACK labels.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>T</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Recursively set extended attributes. Lines
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of this type accept shell-style globs in place of normal
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path names. This can be useful for setting SMACK labels.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>a</varname></term>
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<term><varname>a+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Set POSIX ACLs (access control lists). If
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suffixed with <varname>+</varname>, specified entries will
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be added to the existing set.
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<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will automatically add
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the required base entries for user and group based on the
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access mode of the file, unless base entries already exist
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or are explictly specified. The mask will be added if not
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specified explicitly or already present. Lines of this type
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accept shell-style globs in place of normal path names. This
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can be useful for allowing additional access to certain
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files.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>A</varname></term>
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<term><varname>A+</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Same as <varname>a</varname> and
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<varname>a+</varname>, but recursive.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>If the exclamation mark is used, this line is only safe of
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execute during boot, and can break a running system. Lines
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without the exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to execute
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at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
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<command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will execute line with an
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exclamation mark only if option <option>--boot</option> is
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given.</para>
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<para>For example:
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<programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
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d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
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# Unlink the X11 lock files
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r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting>
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The second line in contrast to the first one would break a
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running system, and will only be executed with
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<option>--boot</option>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Path</title>
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<para>The file system path specification supports simple
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specifier expansion. The following expansions are
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understood:</para>
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<table>
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<title>Specifiers available</title>
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<tgroup cols='3' align='left' colsep='1' rowsep='1'>
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<colspec colname="spec" />
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<colspec colname="mean" />
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<colspec colname="detail" />
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<thead>
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<row>
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<entry>Specifier</entry>
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<entry>Meaning</entry>
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<entry>Details</entry>
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</row>
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</thead>
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<tbody>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%m</literal></entry>
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<entry>Machine ID</entry>
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<entry>The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>machine-id</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%b</literal></entry>
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<entry>Boot ID</entry>
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<entry>The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>random</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more information.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%H</literal></entry>
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<entry>Host name</entry>
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<entry>The hostname of the running system.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%v</literal></entry>
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<entry>Kernel release</entry>
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<entry>Identical to <command>uname -r</command> output.</entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry><literal>%%</literal></entry>
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<entry>Escaped %</entry>
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<entry>Single percent sign.</entry>
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</row>
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</tbody>
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</tgroup>
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</table>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Mode</title>
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<para>The file access mode to use when creating this file or
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directory. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the
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default is used: 0755 for directories, 0644 for all other file
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objects. For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname> lines,
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if omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the file access
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mode will not be modified. This parameter is ignored for
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<varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
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<varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>,
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and <varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
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<para>Optionally, if prefixed with <literal>~</literal>, the
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access mode is masked based on the already set access bits for
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existing file or directories: if the existing file has all
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executable bits unset, all executable bits are removed from the
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new access mode, too. Similarly, if all read bits are removed
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from the old access mode, they will be removed from the new
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access mode too, and if all write bits are removed, they will be
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removed from the new access mode too. In addition, the
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sticky/SUID/SGID bit is removed unless applied to a
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directory. This functionality is particularly useful in
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conjunction with <varname>Z</varname>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>UID, GID</title>
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<para>The user and group to use for this file or directory. This
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may either be a numeric user/group ID or a user or group
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name. If omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>, the
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default 0 (root) is used. For <varname>z</varname>,
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<varname>Z</varname> lines, when omitted or when set to
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<literal>-</literal>, the file ownership will not be
|
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modified. These parameters are ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
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<varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
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<varname>L</varname>, <varname>t</varname>, and
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<varname>a</varname> lines.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Age</title>
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<para>The date field, when set, is used to decide what files to
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delete when cleaning. If a file or directory is older than the
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current time minus the age field, it is deleted. The field
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format is a series of integers each followed by one of the
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following postfixes for the respective time units:
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<constant>s</constant>,
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<constant>m</constant> or <constant>min</constant>,
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<constant>h</constant>,
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<constant>d</constant>,
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<constant>w</constant>,
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<constant>ms</constant>,
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<constant>us</constant>,
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respectively meaning seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks,
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milliseconds, and microseconds. Full names of the time units can
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be used too.
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</para>
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<para>If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
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values are summed. If an integer is given without a unit,
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<constant>s</constant> is assumed.
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</para>
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<para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
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unconditionally.</para>
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<para>The age field only applies to lines
|
|
starting with <varname>d</varname>,
|
|
<varname>D</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>x</varname>. If omitted or set to
|
|
<literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is
|
|
done.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If the age field starts with a tilde character
|
|
<literal>~</literal>, the clean-up is only applied to files and
|
|
directories one level inside the directory specified, but not
|
|
the files and directories immediately inside it.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2>
|
|
<title>Argument</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>For <varname>L</varname> lines determines the destination
|
|
path of the symlink. For <varname>c</varname>,
|
|
<varname>b</varname> determines the major/minor of the device
|
|
node, with major and minor formatted as integers, separated by
|
|
<literal>:</literal>, e.g. <literal>1:3</literal>. For
|
|
<varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>, and
|
|
<varname>w</varname> may be used to specify a short string that
|
|
is written to the file, suffixed by a newline. For
|
|
<varname>C</varname>, specifies the source file or
|
|
directory. For <varname>t</varname> determines extended
|
|
attributes to be set. For <varname>a</varname> determines
|
|
ACL attributes to be set. Ignored for all other lines.</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Example</title>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
|
|
<para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at
|
|
boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>d /run/screens 1777 root root 10d
|
|
d /run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h
|
|
t /run/screen - - - - user.name="John Smith" security.SMACK64=screen</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
<example>
|
|
<title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>
|
|
<para><command>abrt</command> needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.</para>
|
|
|
|
<programlisting>d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt
|
|
x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting>
|
|
</example>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>attr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfattr</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>setfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
|
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>getfacl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|