384 lines
16 KiB
XML
384 lines
16 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
|
||
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
|
||
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
|
||
<!ENTITY % entities SYSTEM "custom-entities.ent" >
|
||
%entities;
|
||
]>
|
||
|
||
<!--
|
||
This file is part of systemd.
|
||
|
||
Copyright 2015 Lennart Poettering
|
||
|
||
systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
|
||
under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
|
||
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
|
||
(at your option) any later version.
|
||
|
||
systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
|
||
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
||
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
|
||
Lesser General Public License for more details.
|
||
|
||
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
|
||
along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
||
-->
|
||
|
||
<refentry id="systemd.nspawn">
|
||
|
||
<refentryinfo>
|
||
<title>systemd.nspawn</title>
|
||
<productname>systemd</productname>
|
||
|
||
<authorgroup>
|
||
<author>
|
||
<contrib>Developer</contrib>
|
||
<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
|
||
<surname>Poettering</surname>
|
||
<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
|
||
</author>
|
||
</authorgroup>
|
||
</refentryinfo>
|
||
|
||
<refmeta>
|
||
<refentrytitle>systemd.nspawn</refentrytitle>
|
||
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
|
||
</refmeta>
|
||
|
||
<refnamediv>
|
||
<refname>systemd.nspawn</refname>
|
||
<refpurpose>Container settings</refpurpose>
|
||
</refnamediv>
|
||
|
||
<refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
<para><filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>.nspawn</filename></para>
|
||
<para><filename>/run/systemd/nspawn/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>.nspawn</filename></para>
|
||
<para><filename>/var/lib/machines/<replaceable>machine</replaceable>.nspawn</filename></para>
|
||
</refsynopsisdiv>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>Description</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>An nspawn container settings file (suffix
|
||
<filename>.nspawn</filename>) encodes additional runtime
|
||
information about a local container, and is searched, read and
|
||
used by
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
when starting a container. Files of this type are named after the
|
||
containers they define settings for. They are optional, and only
|
||
required for containers whose execution environment shall differ
|
||
from the defaults. Files of this type mostly contain settings that
|
||
may also be set on the <command>systemd-nspawn</command> command
|
||
line, and make it easier to persistently attach specific settings
|
||
to specific containers. The syntax of these files is inspired by
|
||
<filename>.desktop</filename> files following the <ulink
|
||
url="http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/latest/">XDG
|
||
Desktop Entry Specification</ulink>, which in turn are inspired by
|
||
Microsoft Windows <filename>.ini</filename> files.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Boolean arguments used in these settings files can be
|
||
written in various formats. For positive settings, the strings
|
||
<option>1</option>, <option>yes</option>, <option>true</option>
|
||
and <option>on</option> are equivalent. For negative settings, the
|
||
strings <option>0</option>, <option>no</option>,
|
||
<option>false</option> and <option>off</option> are
|
||
equivalent.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Empty lines and lines starting with # or ; are
|
||
ignored. This may be used for commenting. Lines ending
|
||
in a backslash are concatenated with the following
|
||
line while reading and the backslash is replaced by a
|
||
space character. This may be used to wrap long lines.</para>
|
||
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title><filename>.nspawn</filename> File Discovery</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Files are searched by appending the
|
||
<filename>.nspawn</filename> suffix to the machine name of the
|
||
container, as specified with the <option>--machine=</option>
|
||
switch of <command>systemd-nspawn</command>, or derived from the
|
||
directory or image file name. This file is first searched in
|
||
<filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename> and
|
||
<filename>/run/systemd/nspawn/</filename>. If found in these
|
||
directories, its settings are read and all of them take full effect
|
||
(but are possibly overridden by corresponding command line
|
||
arguments). If not found, the file will then be searched next to
|
||
the image file or in the immediate parent of the root directory of
|
||
the container. If the file is found there, only a subset of the
|
||
settings will take effect however. All settings that possibly
|
||
elevate privileges or grant additional access to resources of the
|
||
host (such as files or directories) are ignored. To which options
|
||
this applies is documented below.</para>
|
||
|
||
<para>Persistent settings files created and maintained by the
|
||
administrator (and thus trusted) should be placed in
|
||
<filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename>, while automatically
|
||
downloaded (and thus potentially untrusted) settings files are
|
||
placed in <filename>/var/lib/machines/</filename> instead (next to
|
||
the container images), where their security impact is limited. In
|
||
order to add privileged settings to <filename>.nspawn</filename>
|
||
files acquired from the image vendor, it is recommended to copy the
|
||
settings files into <filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename> and
|
||
edit them there, so that the privileged options become
|
||
available. The precise algorithm for how the files are searched and
|
||
interpreted may be configured with
|
||
<command>systemd-nspawn</command>'s <option>--settings=</option>
|
||
switch, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details.</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>[Exec] Section Options</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Settings files may include an <literal>[Exec]</literal>
|
||
section, which carries various execution parameters:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Boot=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, which defaults to off. If
|
||
enabled, <command>systemd-nspawn</command> will automatically
|
||
search for an <filename>init</filename> executable and invoke
|
||
it. In this case, the specified parameters using
|
||
<varname>Parameters=</varname> are passed as additional
|
||
arguments to the <filename>init</filename> process. This
|
||
setting corresponds to the <option>--boot</option> switch on
|
||
the <command>systemd-nspawn</command> command
|
||
line. </para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Parameters=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a space-separated list of
|
||
arguments. This is either a command line, beginning with the
|
||
binary name to execute, or – if <varname>Boot=</varname> is
|
||
enabled – the list of arguments to pass to the init
|
||
process. This setting corresponds to the command line
|
||
parameters passed on the <command>systemd-nspawn</command>
|
||
command line.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Environment=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes an environment variable assignment
|
||
consisting of key and value, separated by
|
||
<literal>=</literal>. Sets an environment variable for the
|
||
main process invoked in the container. This setting may be
|
||
used multiple times to set multiple environment variables. It
|
||
corresponds to the <option>--setenv=</option> command line
|
||
switch.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>User=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a UNIX user name. Specifies the user
|
||
name to invoke the main process of the container as. This user
|
||
must be known in the container's user database. This
|
||
corresponds to the <option>--user=</option> command line
|
||
switch.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Capability=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>DropCapability=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a space-separated list of Linux process
|
||
capabilities (see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>capabilities</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details). The <varname>Capability=</varname> setting
|
||
specifies additional capabilities to pass on top of the
|
||
default set of capabilities. The
|
||
<varname>DropCapability=</varname> setting specifies
|
||
capabilities to drop from the default set. These settings
|
||
correspond to the <option>--capability=</option> and
|
||
<option>--drop-capability=</option> command line
|
||
switches. Note that <varname>Capability=</varname> is a
|
||
privileged setting, and only takes effect in
|
||
<filename>.nspawn</filename> files in
|
||
<filename>/etc/systemd/nspawn/</filename> and
|
||
<filename>/run/system/nspawn/</filename> (see above). On the
|
||
other hand, <varname>DropCapability=</varname> takes effect in
|
||
all cases.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Personality=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Configures the kernel personality for the
|
||
container. This is equivalent to the
|
||
<option>--personality=</option> switch.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>MachineID=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Configures the 128-bit machine ID (UUID) to pass to
|
||
the container. This is equivalent to the
|
||
<option>--uuid=</option> command line switch. This option is
|
||
privileged (see above). </para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>[Files] Section Options</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Settings files may include a <literal>[Files]</literal>
|
||
section, which carries various parameters configuring the file
|
||
system of the container:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>ReadOnly=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, which defaults to off. If
|
||
specified, the container will be run with a read-only file
|
||
system. This setting corresponds to the
|
||
<option>--read-only</option> command line
|
||
switch.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Volatile=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, or the special value
|
||
<literal>state</literal>. This configures whether to run the
|
||
container with volatile state and/or configuration. This
|
||
option is equivalent to <option>--volatile=</option>, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details about the specific options
|
||
supported.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Bind=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>BindReadOnly=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Adds a bind mount from the host into the
|
||
container. Takes a single path, a pair of two paths separated
|
||
by a colon, or a triplet of two paths plus an option string
|
||
separated by colons. This option may be used multiple times to
|
||
configure multiple bind mounts. This option is equivalent to
|
||
the command line switches <option>--bind=</option> and
|
||
<option>--bind-ro=</option>, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details about the specific options supported. This setting
|
||
is privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>TemporaryFileSystem=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Adds a <literal>tmpfs</literal> mount to the
|
||
container. Takes a path or a pair of path and option string,
|
||
separated by a colon. This option may be used multiple times to
|
||
configure multiple <literal>tmpfs</literal> mounts. This
|
||
option is equivalent to the command line switch
|
||
<option>--tmpfs=</option>, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for details about the specific options supported. This setting
|
||
is privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>[Network] Section Options</title>
|
||
|
||
<para>Settings files may include a <literal>[Network]</literal>
|
||
section, which carries various parameters configuring the network
|
||
connectivity of the container:</para>
|
||
|
||
<variablelist>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Private=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument, which defaults to off. If
|
||
enabled, the container will run in its own network namespace
|
||
and not share network interfaces and configuration with the
|
||
host. This setting corresponds to the
|
||
<option>--private-network</option> command line
|
||
switch.</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>VirtualEthernet=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a boolean argument. Configures whether
|
||
to create a virtual Ethernet connection
|
||
(<literal>veth</literal>) between host and the container. This
|
||
setting implies <varname>Private=yes</varname>. This setting
|
||
corresponds to the <option>--network-veth</option> command
|
||
line switch. This option is privileged (see
|
||
above).</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Interface=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a space-separated list of interfaces to
|
||
add to the container. This option corresponds to the
|
||
<option>--network-interface=</option> command line switch and
|
||
implies <varname>Private=yes</varname>. This option is
|
||
privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
|
||
<term><varname>IPVLAN=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes a space-separated list of interfaces to
|
||
add MACLVAN or IPVLAN interfaces to, which are then added to
|
||
the container. These options correspond to the
|
||
<option>--network-macvlan=</option> and
|
||
<option>--network-ipvlan=</option> command line switches and
|
||
imply <varname>Private=yes</varname>. These options are
|
||
privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Takes an interface name. This setting implies
|
||
<varname>VirtualEthernet=yes</varname> and
|
||
<varname>Private=yes</varname> and has the effect that the
|
||
host side of the created virtual Ethernet link is connected to
|
||
the specified bridge interface. This option corresponds to the
|
||
<option>--network-bridge=</option> command line switch. This
|
||
option is privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
|
||
<varlistentry>
|
||
<term><varname>Port=</varname></term>
|
||
|
||
<listitem><para>Exposes a TCP or UDP port of the container on
|
||
the host. This option corresponds to the
|
||
<option>--port=</option> command line switch, see
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
for the precise syntax of the argument this option takes. This
|
||
option is privileged (see above).</para></listitem>
|
||
</varlistentry>
|
||
</variablelist>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
<refsect1>
|
||
<title>See Also</title>
|
||
<para>
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-nspawn</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
|
||
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
|
||
</para>
|
||
</refsect1>
|
||
|
||
</refentry>
|