224 lines
8.2 KiB
XML
224 lines
8.2 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0"?>
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<!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2014 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="sysusers.d" conditional='ENABLE_SYSUSERS'
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xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>sysusers.d</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>sysusers.d</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>sysusers.d</refname>
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<refpurpose>Declarative allocation of system users and groups</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<para><filename>/usr/lib/sysusers.d/*.conf</filename></para>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>systemd-sysusers</command> uses the files from
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<filename>sysusers.d</filename> directory to create system users
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and groups at package installation or boot time. This tool may be
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used to allocate system users and groups only, it is not useful
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for creating non-system users and groups, as it accesses
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<filename>/etc/passwd</filename> and
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<filename>/etc/group</filename> directly, bypassing any more
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complex user databases, for example any database involving NIS or
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LDAP.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Configuration Format</title>
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<para>Each configuration file shall be named in the style of
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename> or
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<filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
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The second variant should be used when it is desirable to make it
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easy to override just this part of configuration.</para>
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<para>The file format is one line per user or group containing
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name, ID, GECOS field description and home directory:</para>
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<programlisting># Type Name ID GECOS
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u httpd 440 "HTTP User"
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u authd /usr/bin/authd "Authorization user"
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g input - -
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m authd input
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u root 0 "Superuser" /root</programlisting>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Type</title>
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<para>The type consists of a single letter. The following line
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types are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>u</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a system user and group of the
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specified name should they not exist yet. The user's primary
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group will be set to the group bearing the same name. The
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user's shell will be set to
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<filename>/sbin/nologin</filename>, the home directory to
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the specified home directory, or <filename>/</filename> if
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none is given. The account will be created disabled, so that
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logins are not allowed.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>g</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Create a system group of the specified name
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should it not exist yet. Note that <varname>u</varname>
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implicitly create a matching group. The group will be
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created with no password set.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>m</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Add a user to a group. If the user or group
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are not existing yet, they will be implicitly
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created.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>r</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Add a range of numeric UIDs/GIDs to the pool
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to allocate new UIDs and GIDs from. If no line of this type
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is specified, the range of UIDs/GIDs is set to some
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compiled-in default. Note that both UIDs and GIDs are
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allocated from the same pool, in order to ensure that users
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and groups of the same name are likely to carry the same
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numeric UID and GID.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Name</title>
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<para>The name field specifies the user or group name. It should
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be shorter than 31 characters and avoid any non-ASCII
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characters, and not begin with a numeric character. It is
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strongly recommended to pick user and group names that are
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unlikely to clash with normal users created by the
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administrator. A good scheme to guarantee this is by prefixing
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all system and group names with the underscore, and avoiding too
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generic names.</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines, this field should contain
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the user name to add to a group.</para>
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<para>For lines of type <varname>r</varname>, this field should
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be set to <literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>ID</title>
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<para>For <varname>u</varname> and <varname>g</varname>, the
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numeric 32-bit UID or GID of the user/group. Do not use IDs 65535
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or 4294967295, as they have special placeholder meanings.
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Specify <literal>-</literal> for automatic UID/GID allocation
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for the user or group. Alternatively, specify an absolute path
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in the file system. In this case, the UID/GID is read from the
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path's owner/group. This is useful to create users whose UID/GID
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match the owners of pre-existing files (such as SUID or SGID
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binaries).</para>
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<para>For <varname>m</varname> lines, this field should contain
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the group name to add to a user to.</para>
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<para>For lines of type <varname>r</varname>, this field should
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be set to a UID/GID range in the format
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<literal>FROM-TO</literal>, where both values are formatted as
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decimal ASCII numbers. Alternatively, a single UID/GID may be
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specified formatted as decimal ASCII numbers.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>GECOS</title>
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<para>A short, descriptive string for users to be created,
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enclosed in quotation marks. Note that this field may not
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contain colons.</para>
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<para>Only applies to lines of type <varname>u</varname> and
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should otherwise be left unset, or be set to
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<literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>Home Directory</title>
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<para>The home directory for a new system user. If omitted,
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defaults to the root directory. It is recommended to not
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unnecessarily specify home directories for system users, unless
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software strictly requires one to be set.</para>
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<para>Only applies to lines of type <varname>u</varname> and
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should otherwise be left unset, or be set to
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<literal>-</literal>.</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<xi:include href="standard-conf.xml" xpointer="confd" />
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<refsect1>
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<title>Idempotence</title>
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<para>Note that <command>systemd-sysusers</command> will do
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nothing if the specified users or groups already exist, so
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normally, there is no reason to override
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<filename>sysusers.d</filename> vendor configuration, except to
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block certain users or groups from being created.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-sysusers</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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