diff --git a/perl/lib/Nix/Store.xs b/perl/lib/Nix/Store.xs
index 8d79399d..76d3cc36 100644
--- a/perl/lib/Nix/Store.xs
+++ b/perl/lib/Nix/Store.xs
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 #undef do_open
 #undef do_close
 
-#include <store-api.hh>
-#include <globals.hh>
-#include <misc.hh>
-#include <util.hh>
+#include "derivations.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+#include "store-api.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
 
 #if HAVE_SODIUM
 #include <sodium.h>
@@ -19,19 +19,21 @@
 using namespace nix;
 
 
-void doInit()
+static ref<StoreAPI> store()
 {
-    if (!store) {
+    static std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> _store;
+    if (!_store) {
         try {
             settings.processEnvironment();
             settings.loadConfFile();
             settings.update();
             settings.lockCPU = false;
-            store = openStore();
+            _store = openStore();
         } catch (Error & e) {
             croak("%s", e.what());
         }
     }
+    return ref<StoreAPI>(_store);
 }
 
 
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ PROTOTYPES: ENABLE
 
 void init()
     CODE:
-        doInit();
+        store();
 
 
 void setVerbosity(int level)
@@ -56,8 +58,7 @@ void setVerbosity(int level)
 int isValidPath(char * path)
     CODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
-            RETVAL = store->isValidPath(path);
+            RETVAL = store()->isValidPath(path);
         } catch (Error & e) {
             croak("%s", e.what());
         }
@@ -68,9 +69,8 @@ int isValidPath(char * path)
 SV * queryReferences(char * path)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
             PathSet paths;
-            store->queryReferences(path, paths);
+            store()->queryReferences(path, paths);
             for (PathSet::iterator i = paths.begin(); i != paths.end(); ++i)
                 XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(i->c_str(), 0)));
         } catch (Error & e) {
@@ -81,8 +81,7 @@ SV * queryReferences(char * path)
 SV * queryPathHash(char * path)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
-            Hash hash = store->queryPathHash(path);
+            Hash hash = store()->queryPathHash(path);
             string s = "sha256:" + printHash32(hash);
             XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(s.c_str(), 0)));
         } catch (Error & e) {
@@ -93,8 +92,7 @@ SV * queryPathHash(char * path)
 SV * queryDeriver(char * path)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
-            Path deriver = store->queryDeriver(path);
+            Path deriver = store()->queryDeriver(path);
             if (deriver == "") XSRETURN_UNDEF;
             XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(deriver.c_str(), 0)));
         } catch (Error & e) {
@@ -105,8 +103,7 @@ SV * queryDeriver(char * path)
 SV * queryPathInfo(char * path, int base32)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
-            ValidPathInfo info = store->queryPathInfo(path);
+            ValidPathInfo info = store()->queryPathInfo(path);
             if (info.deriver == "")
                 XPUSHs(&PL_sv_undef);
             else
@@ -127,8 +124,7 @@ SV * queryPathInfo(char * path, int base32)
 SV * queryPathFromHashPart(char * hashPart)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
-            Path path = store->queryPathFromHashPart(hashPart);
+            Path path = store()->queryPathFromHashPart(hashPart);
             XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(path.c_str(), 0)));
         } catch (Error & e) {
             croak("%s", e.what());
@@ -138,10 +134,9 @@ SV * queryPathFromHashPart(char * hashPart)
 SV * computeFSClosure(int flipDirection, int includeOutputs, ...)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
             PathSet paths;
             for (int n = 2; n < items; ++n)
-                computeFSClosure(*store, SvPV_nolen(ST(n)), paths, flipDirection, includeOutputs);
+                store()->computeFSClosure(SvPV_nolen(ST(n)), paths, flipDirection, includeOutputs);
             for (PathSet::iterator i = paths.begin(); i != paths.end(); ++i)
                 XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(i->c_str(), 0)));
         } catch (Error & e) {
@@ -152,10 +147,9 @@ SV * computeFSClosure(int flipDirection, int includeOutputs, ...)
 SV * topoSortPaths(...)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
             PathSet paths;
             for (int n = 0; n < items; ++n) paths.insert(SvPV_nolen(ST(n)));
-            Paths sorted = topoSortPaths(*store, paths);
+            Paths sorted = store()->topoSortPaths(paths);
             for (Paths::iterator i = sorted.begin(); i != sorted.end(); ++i)
                 XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(i->c_str(), 0)));
         } catch (Error & e) {
@@ -166,7 +160,6 @@ SV * topoSortPaths(...)
 SV * followLinksToStorePath(char * path)
     CODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
             RETVAL = newSVpv(followLinksToStorePath(path).c_str(), 0);
         } catch (Error & e) {
             croak("%s", e.what());
@@ -178,11 +171,10 @@ SV * followLinksToStorePath(char * path)
 void exportPaths(int fd, int sign, ...)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
             Paths paths;
             for (int n = 2; n < items; ++n) paths.push_back(SvPV_nolen(ST(n)));
             FdSink sink(fd);
-            exportPaths(*store, paths, sign, sink);
+            store()->exportPaths(paths, sign, sink);
         } catch (Error & e) {
             croak("%s", e.what());
         }
@@ -191,9 +183,8 @@ void exportPaths(int fd, int sign, ...)
 void importPaths(int fd)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
             FdSource source(fd);
-            store->importPaths(false, source);
+            store()->importPaths(false, source);
         } catch (Error & e) {
             croak("%s", e.what());
         }
@@ -292,8 +283,7 @@ int checkSignature(SV * publicKey_, SV * sig_, char * msg)
 SV * addToStore(char * srcPath, int recursive, char * algo)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
-            Path path = store->addToStore(baseNameOf(srcPath), srcPath, recursive, parseHashType(algo));
+            Path path = store()->addToStore(baseNameOf(srcPath), srcPath, recursive, parseHashType(algo));
             XPUSHs(sv_2mortal(newSVpv(path.c_str(), 0)));
         } catch (Error & e) {
             croak("%s", e.what());
@@ -303,7 +293,6 @@ SV * addToStore(char * srcPath, int recursive, char * algo)
 SV * makeFixedOutputPath(int recursive, char * algo, char * hash, char * name)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
             HashType ht = parseHashType(algo);
             Path path = makeFixedOutputPath(recursive, ht,
                 parseHash16or32(ht, hash), name);
@@ -318,8 +307,7 @@ SV * derivationFromPath(char * drvPath)
         HV *hash;
     CODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
-            Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(*store, drvPath);
+            Derivation drv = store()->derivationFromPath(drvPath);
             hash = newHV();
 
             HV * outputs = newHV();
@@ -361,8 +349,7 @@ SV * derivationFromPath(char * drvPath)
 void addTempRoot(char * storePath)
     PPCODE:
         try {
-            doInit();
-            store->addTempRoot(storePath);
+            store()->addTempRoot(storePath);
         } catch (Error & e) {
             croak("%s", e.what());
         }
diff --git a/src/libexpr/common-opts.cc b/src/libexpr/common-opts.cc
index 13760490..68ab4b5c 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/common-opts.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/common-opts.cc
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ bool parseSearchPathArg(Strings::iterator & i,
 Path lookupFileArg(EvalState & state, string s)
 {
     if (isUri(s))
-        return downloadFileCached(s, true);
+        return downloadFileCached(state.store, s, true);
     else if (s.size() > 2 && s.at(0) == '<' && s.at(s.size() - 1) == '>') {
         Path p = s.substr(1, s.size() - 2);
         return state.findFile(p);
diff --git a/src/libexpr/common-opts.hh b/src/libexpr/common-opts.hh
index be0f4020..0500b0a8 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/common-opts.hh
+++ b/src/libexpr/common-opts.hh
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 namespace nix {
 
+class StoreAPI;
+
 /* Some common option parsing between nix-env and nix-instantiate. */
 bool parseAutoArgs(Strings::iterator & i,
     const Strings::iterator & argsEnd, std::map<string, string> & res);
diff --git a/src/libexpr/eval.cc b/src/libexpr/eval.cc
index 3b21c078..702b12ee 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/eval.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/eval.cc
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ static Strings parseNixPath(const string & in)
 }
 
 
-EvalState::EvalState(const Strings & _searchPath)
+EvalState::EvalState(const Strings & _searchPath, ref<StoreAPI> store)
     : sWith(symbols.create("<with>"))
     , sOutPath(symbols.create("outPath"))
     , sDrvPath(symbols.create("drvPath"))
@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ EvalState::EvalState(const Strings & _searchPath)
     , sColumn(symbols.create("column"))
     , sFunctor(symbols.create("__functor"))
     , sToString(symbols.create("__toString"))
+    , store(store)
     , baseEnv(allocEnv(128))
     , staticBaseEnv(false, 0)
 {
diff --git a/src/libexpr/eval.hh b/src/libexpr/eval.hh
index 2d7b7bcd..a4286ce1 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/eval.hh
+++ b/src/libexpr/eval.hh
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 namespace nix {
 
 
+class StoreAPI;
 class EvalState;
 
 
@@ -82,6 +83,8 @@ public:
 
     Value vEmptySet;
 
+    const ref<StoreAPI> store;
+
 private:
     SrcToStore srcToStore;
 
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ private:
 
 public:
 
-    EvalState(const Strings & _searchPath);
+    EvalState(const Strings & _searchPath, ref<StoreAPI> store);
     ~EvalState();
 
     void addToSearchPath(const string & s, bool warn = false);
@@ -240,6 +243,8 @@ public:
     /* Print statistics. */
     void printStats();
 
+    void realiseContext(const PathSet & context);
+
 private:
 
     unsigned long nrEnvs = 0;
@@ -290,7 +295,4 @@ struct InvalidPathError : EvalError
 #endif
 };
 
-/* Realise all paths in `context' */
-void realiseContext(const PathSet & context);
-
 }
diff --git a/src/libexpr/parser.y b/src/libexpr/parser.y
index d34882f3..3e6c6d91 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/parser.y
+++ b/src/libexpr/parser.y
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ void EvalState::addToSearchPath(const string & s, bool warn)
     }
 
     if (isUri(path))
-        path = downloadFileCached(path, true);
+        path = downloadFileCached(store, path, true);
 
     path = absPath(path);
     if (pathExists(path)) {
diff --git a/src/libexpr/primops.cc b/src/libexpr/primops.cc
index 87ee4f68..2371ae17 100644
--- a/src/libexpr/primops.cc
+++ b/src/libexpr/primops.cc
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-#include "eval.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
-#include "globals.hh"
-#include "store-api.hh"
-#include "util.hh"
 #include "archive.hh"
-#include "value-to-xml.hh"
-#include "value-to-json.hh"
+#include "derivations.hh"
+#include "download.hh"
+#include "eval-inline.hh"
+#include "eval.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
 #include "json-to-value.hh"
 #include "names.hh"
-#include "eval-inline.hh"
-#include "download.hh"
+#include "store-api.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "value-to-json.hh"
+#include "value-to-xml.hh"
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ std::pair<string, string> decodeContext(const string & s)
 InvalidPathError::InvalidPathError(const Path & path) :
     EvalError(format("path ‘%1%’ is not valid") % path), path(path) {}
 
-void realiseContext(const PathSet & context)
+void EvalState::realiseContext(const PathSet & context)
 {
     PathSet drvs;
     for (auto & i : context) {
@@ -52,16 +52,14 @@ void realiseContext(const PathSet & context)
         assert(isStorePath(ctx));
         if (!store->isValidPath(ctx))
             throw InvalidPathError(ctx);
-        if (!decoded.second.empty() && isDerivation(ctx))
+        if (!decoded.second.empty() && nix::isDerivation(ctx))
             drvs.insert(decoded.first + "!" + decoded.second);
     }
     if (!drvs.empty()) {
         /* For performance, prefetch all substitute info. */
         PathSet willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown;
         unsigned long long downloadSize, narSize;
-        queryMissing(*store, drvs,
-            willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
-
+        store->queryMissing(drvs, willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
         store->buildPaths(drvs);
     }
 }
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ static void prim_scopedImport(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
     Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[1], context);
 
     try {
-        realiseContext(context);
+        state.realiseContext(context);
     } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
         throw EvalError(format("cannot import ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
             % path % e.path % pos);
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ static void prim_scopedImport(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
 
     path = state.checkSourcePath(path);
 
-    if (isStorePath(path) && store->isValidPath(path) && isDerivation(path)) {
+    if (isStorePath(path) && state.store->isValidPath(path) && isDerivation(path)) {
         Derivation drv = readDerivation(path);
         Value & w = *state.allocValue();
         state.mkAttrs(w, 3 + drv.outputs.size());
@@ -145,7 +143,7 @@ static void prim_importNative(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
     Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], context);
 
     try {
-        realiseContext(context);
+        state.realiseContext(context);
     } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
         throw EvalError(format("cannot import ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
             % path % e.path % pos);
@@ -560,11 +558,12 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
            runs. */
         if (path.at(0) == '=') {
             /* !!! This doesn't work if readOnlyMode is set. */
-            PathSet refs; computeFSClosure(*store, string(path, 1), refs);
+            PathSet refs;
+            state.store->computeFSClosure(string(path, 1), refs);
             for (auto & j : refs) {
                 drv.inputSrcs.insert(j);
                 if (isDerivation(j))
-                    drv.inputDrvs[j] = store->queryDerivationOutputNames(j);
+                    drv.inputDrvs[j] = state.store->queryDerivationOutputNames(j);
             }
         }
 
@@ -581,7 +580,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
         /* Handle derivation contexts returned by
            ‘builtins.storePath’. */
         else if (isDerivation(path))
-            drv.inputDrvs[path] = store->queryDerivationOutputNames(path);
+            drv.inputDrvs[path] = state.store->queryDerivationOutputNames(path);
 
         /* Otherwise it's a source file. */
         else
@@ -630,7 +629,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
 
         /* Use the masked derivation expression to compute the output
            path. */
-        Hash h = hashDerivationModulo(*store, drv);
+        Hash h = hashDerivationModulo(*state.store, drv);
 
         for (auto & i : drv.outputs)
             if (i.second.path == "") {
@@ -641,7 +640,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
     }
 
     /* Write the resulting term into the Nix store directory. */
-    Path drvPath = writeDerivation(*store, drv, drvName, state.repair);
+    Path drvPath = writeDerivation(state.store, drv, drvName, state.repair);
 
     printMsg(lvlChatty, format("instantiated ‘%1%’ -> ‘%2%’")
         % drvName % drvPath);
@@ -649,7 +648,7 @@ static void prim_derivationStrict(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * *
     /* Optimisation, but required in read-only mode! because in that
        case we don't actually write store derivations, so we can't
        read them later. */
-    drvHashes[drvPath] = hashDerivationModulo(*store, drv);
+    drvHashes[drvPath] = hashDerivationModulo(*state.store, drv);
 
     state.mkAttrs(v, 1 + drv.outputs.size());
     mkString(*state.allocAttr(v, state.sDrvPath), drvPath, singleton<PathSet>("=" + drvPath));
@@ -695,7 +694,7 @@ static void prim_storePath(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, V
         throw EvalError(format("path ‘%1%’ is not in the Nix store, at %2%") % path % pos);
     Path path2 = toStorePath(path);
     if (!settings.readOnlyMode)
-        store->ensurePath(path2);
+        state.store->ensurePath(path2);
     context.insert(path2);
     mkString(v, path, context);
 }
@@ -745,7 +744,7 @@ static void prim_readFile(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Va
     PathSet context;
     Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], context);
     try {
-        realiseContext(context);
+        state.realiseContext(context);
     } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
         throw EvalError(format("cannot read ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
             % path % e.path % pos);
@@ -786,7 +785,7 @@ static void prim_findFile(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Va
     string path = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[1], pos);
 
     try {
-        realiseContext(context);
+        state.realiseContext(context);
     } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
         throw EvalError(format("cannot find ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
             % path % e.path % pos);
@@ -801,7 +800,7 @@ static void prim_readDir(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Val
     PathSet ctx;
     Path path = state.coerceToPath(pos, *args[0], ctx);
     try {
-        realiseContext(ctx);
+        state.realiseContext(ctx);
     } catch (InvalidPathError & e) {
         throw EvalError(format("cannot read ‘%1%’, since path ‘%2%’ is not valid, at %3%")
             % path % e.path % pos);
@@ -879,13 +878,13 @@ static void prim_toFile(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Valu
             if (path.at(0) != '~')
                 throw EvalError(format("in ‘toFile’: the file ‘%1%’ cannot refer to derivation outputs, at %2%") % name % pos);
             path = string(path, 1);
-	}
+        }
         refs.insert(path);
     }
 
     Path storePath = settings.readOnlyMode
         ? computeStorePathForText(name, contents, refs)
-        : store->addTextToStore(name, contents, refs, state.repair);
+        : state.store->addTextToStore(name, contents, refs, state.repair);
 
     /* Note: we don't need to add `context' to the context of the
        result, since `storePath' itself has references to the paths
@@ -951,7 +950,7 @@ static void prim_filterSource(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args
 
     Path dstPath = settings.readOnlyMode
         ? computeStorePathForPath(path, true, htSHA256, filter).first
-        : store->addToStore(baseNameOf(path), path, true, htSHA256, filter, state.repair);
+        : state.store->addToStore(baseNameOf(path), path, true, htSHA256, filter, state.repair);
 
     mkString(v, dstPath, singleton<PathSet>(dstPath));
 }
@@ -1678,7 +1677,7 @@ void fetch(EvalState & state, const Pos & pos, Value * * args, Value & v,
     } else
         url = state.forceStringNoCtx(*args[0], pos);
 
-    Path res = downloadFileCached(url, unpack);
+    Path res = downloadFileCached(state.store, url, unpack);
     mkString(v, res, PathSet({res}));
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libmain/shared.cc b/src/libmain/shared.cc
index 5106739c..656d04ca 100644
--- a/src/libmain/shared.cc
+++ b/src/libmain/shared.cc
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "globals.hh"
 #include "store-api.hh"
 #include "util.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <cctype>
@@ -47,22 +46,22 @@ void printGCWarning()
 }
 
 
-void printMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & paths)
+void printMissing(ref<StoreAPI> store, const PathSet & paths)
 {
     unsigned long long downloadSize, narSize;
     PathSet willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown;
-    queryMissing(store, paths, willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
+    store->queryMissing(paths, willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
     printMissing(store, willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
 }
 
 
-void printMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & willBuild,
+void printMissing(ref<StoreAPI> store, const PathSet & willBuild,
     const PathSet & willSubstitute, const PathSet & unknown,
     unsigned long long downloadSize, unsigned long long narSize)
 {
     if (!willBuild.empty()) {
         printMsg(lvlInfo, format("these derivations will be built:"));
-        Paths sorted = topoSortPaths(store, willBuild);
+        Paths sorted = store->topoSortPaths(willBuild);
         reverse(sorted.begin(), sorted.end());
         for (auto & i : sorted)
             printMsg(lvlInfo, format("  %1%") % i);
diff --git a/src/libmain/shared.hh b/src/libmain/shared.hh
index 8e756bd5..6f826d8f 100644
--- a/src/libmain/shared.hh
+++ b/src/libmain/shared.hh
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ public:
     Exit(int status) : status(status) { }
 };
 
-class StoreAPI;
-
 int handleExceptions(const string & programName, std::function<void()> fun);
 
 void initNix();
@@ -33,9 +31,11 @@ void printVersion(const string & programName);
 /* Ugh.  No better place to put this. */
 void printGCWarning();
 
-void printMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & paths);
+class StoreAPI;
 
-void printMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & willBuild,
+void printMissing(ref<StoreAPI> store, const PathSet & paths);
+
+void printMissing(ref<StoreAPI> store, const PathSet & willBuild,
     const PathSet & willSubstitute, const PathSet & unknown,
     unsigned long long downloadSize, unsigned long long narSize);
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/build.cc b/src/libstore/build.cc
index 9b9621dc..180a558d 100644
--- a/src/libstore/build.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/build.cc
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "references.hh"
 #include "pathlocks.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
 #include "globals.hh"
 #include "local-store.hh"
 #include "util.hh"
@@ -906,7 +905,7 @@ DerivationGoal::DerivationGoal(const Path & drvPath, const BasicDerivation & drv
 {
     this->drv = std::unique_ptr<BasicDerivation>(new BasicDerivation(drv));
     state = &DerivationGoal::haveDerivation;
-    name = (format("building of %1%") % showPaths(outputPaths(drv))).str();
+    name = (format("building of %1%") % showPaths(drv.outputPaths())).str();
     trace("created");
 
     /* Prevent the .chroot directory from being
@@ -1018,7 +1017,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::loadDerivation()
     assert(worker.store.isValidPath(drvPath));
 
     /* Get the derivation. */
-    drv = std::unique_ptr<BasicDerivation>(new Derivation(derivationFromPath(worker.store, drvPath)));
+    drv = std::unique_ptr<BasicDerivation>(new Derivation(worker.store.derivationFromPath(drvPath)));
 
     haveDerivation();
 }
@@ -1057,7 +1056,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::haveDerivation()
     /* We are first going to try to create the invalid output paths
        through substitutes.  If that doesn't work, we'll build
        them. */
-    if (settings.useSubstitutes && substitutesAllowed(*drv))
+    if (settings.useSubstitutes && drv->substitutesAllowed())
         for (auto & i : invalidOutputs)
             addWaitee(worker.makeSubstitutionGoal(i, buildMode == bmRepair));
 
@@ -1138,7 +1137,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::repairClosure()
     PathSet outputClosure;
     for (auto & i : drv->outputs) {
         if (!wantOutput(i.first, wantedOutputs)) continue;
-        computeFSClosure(worker.store, i.second.path, outputClosure);
+        worker.store.computeFSClosure(i.second.path, outputClosure);
     }
 
     /* Filter out our own outputs (which we have already checked). */
@@ -1149,11 +1148,11 @@ void DerivationGoal::repairClosure()
        derivation is responsible for which path in the output
        closure. */
     PathSet inputClosure;
-    if (useDerivation) computeFSClosure(worker.store, drvPath, inputClosure);
+    if (useDerivation) worker.store.computeFSClosure(drvPath, inputClosure);
     std::map<Path, Path> outputsToDrv;
     for (auto & i : inputClosure)
         if (isDerivation(i)) {
-            Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(worker.store, i);
+            Derivation drv = worker.store.derivationFromPath(i);
             for (auto & j : drv.outputs)
                 outputsToDrv[j.second.path] = i;
         }
@@ -1225,10 +1224,10 @@ void DerivationGoal::inputsRealised()
                `i' as input paths.  Only add the closures of output paths
                that are specified as inputs. */
             assert(worker.store.isValidPath(i.first));
-            Derivation inDrv = derivationFromPath(worker.store, i.first);
+            Derivation inDrv = worker.store.derivationFromPath(i.first);
             for (auto & j : i.second)
                 if (inDrv.outputs.find(j) != inDrv.outputs.end())
-                    computeFSClosure(worker.store, inDrv.outputs[j].path, inputPaths);
+                    worker.store.computeFSClosure(inDrv.outputs[j].path, inputPaths);
                 else
                     throw Error(
                         format("derivation ‘%1%’ requires non-existent output ‘%2%’ from input derivation ‘%3%’")
@@ -1237,7 +1236,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::inputsRealised()
 
     /* Second, the input sources. */
     for (auto & i : drv->inputSrcs)
-        computeFSClosure(worker.store, i, inputPaths);
+        worker.store.computeFSClosure(i, inputPaths);
 
     debug(format("added input paths %1%") % showPaths(inputPaths));
 
@@ -1260,46 +1259,6 @@ void DerivationGoal::inputsRealised()
 }
 
 
-static bool isBuiltin(const BasicDerivation & drv)
-{
-    return string(drv.builder, 0, 8) == "builtin:";
-}
-
-
-static bool canBuildLocally(const BasicDerivation & drv)
-{
-    return drv.platform == settings.thisSystem
-        || isBuiltin(drv)
-#if __linux__
-        || (drv.platform == "i686-linux" && settings.thisSystem == "x86_64-linux")
-        || (drv.platform == "armv6l-linux" && settings.thisSystem == "armv7l-linux")
-#elif __FreeBSD__
-        || (drv.platform == "i686-linux" && settings.thisSystem == "x86_64-freebsd")
-        || (drv.platform == "i686-linux" && settings.thisSystem == "i686-freebsd")
-#endif
-        ;
-}
-
-
-static string get(const StringPairs & map, const string & key, const string & def = "")
-{
-    StringPairs::const_iterator i = map.find(key);
-    return i == map.end() ? def : i->second;
-}
-
-
-bool willBuildLocally(const BasicDerivation & drv)
-{
-    return get(drv.env, "preferLocalBuild") == "1" && canBuildLocally(drv);
-}
-
-
-bool substitutesAllowed(const BasicDerivation & drv)
-{
-    return get(drv.env, "allowSubstitutes", "1") == "1";
-}
-
-
 void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
 {
     trace("trying to build");
@@ -1322,7 +1281,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
        can't acquire the lock, then continue; hopefully some other
        goal can start a build, and if not, the main loop will sleep a
        few seconds and then retry this goal. */
-    if (!outputLocks.lockPaths(outputPaths(*drv), "", false)) {
+    if (!outputLocks.lockPaths(drv->outputPaths(), "", false)) {
         worker.waitForAWhile(shared_from_this());
         return;
     }
@@ -1342,7 +1301,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
         return;
     }
 
-    missingPaths = outputPaths(*drv);
+    missingPaths = drv->outputPaths();
     if (buildMode != bmCheck)
         for (auto & i : validPaths) missingPaths.erase(i);
 
@@ -1365,7 +1324,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::tryToBuild()
     /* Don't do a remote build if the derivation has the attribute
        `preferLocalBuild' set.  Also, check and repair modes are only
        supported for local builds. */
-    bool buildLocally = buildMode != bmNormal || willBuildLocally(*drv);
+    bool buildLocally = buildMode != bmNormal || drv->willBuildLocally();
 
     /* Is the build hook willing to accept this job? */
     if (!buildLocally) {
@@ -1661,7 +1620,7 @@ HookReply DerivationGoal::tryBuildHook()
        list it since the remote system *probably* already has it.) */
     PathSet allInputs;
     allInputs.insert(inputPaths.begin(), inputPaths.end());
-    computeFSClosure(worker.store, drvPath, allInputs);
+    worker.store.computeFSClosure(drvPath, allInputs);
 
     string s;
     for (auto & i : allInputs) { s += i; s += ' '; }
@@ -1716,7 +1675,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
     startNest(nest, lvlInfo, f % showPaths(missingPaths) % curRound % nrRounds);
 
     /* Right platform? */
-    if (!canBuildLocally(*drv)) {
+    if (!drv->canBuildLocally()) {
         if (settings.printBuildTrace)
             printMsg(lvlError, format("@ unsupported-platform %1% %2%") % drvPath % drv->platform);
         throw Error(
@@ -1873,14 +1832,14 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
            like passing all build-time dependencies of some path to a
            derivation that builds a NixOS DVD image. */
         PathSet paths, paths2;
-        computeFSClosure(worker.store, storePath, paths);
+        worker.store.computeFSClosure(storePath, paths);
         paths2 = paths;
 
         for (auto & j : paths2) {
             if (isDerivation(j)) {
-                Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(worker.store, j);
+                Derivation drv = worker.store.derivationFromPath(j);
                 for (auto & k : drv.outputs)
-                    computeFSClosure(worker.store, k.second.path, paths);
+                    worker.store.computeFSClosure(k.second.path, paths);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1944,7 +1903,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
         PathSet closure;
         for (auto & i : dirsInChroot)
             if (isInStore(i.second))
-                computeFSClosure(worker.store, toStorePath(i.second), closure);
+                worker.store.computeFSClosure(toStorePath(i.second), closure);
         for (auto & i : closure)
             dirsInChroot[i] = i;
 
@@ -2212,7 +2171,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::startBuilder()
 #endif
     {
         ProcessOptions options;
-        options.allowVfork = !buildUser.enabled() && !isBuiltin(*drv);
+        options.allowVfork = !buildUser.enabled() && !drv->isBuiltin();
         pid = startProcess([&]() {
             runChild();
         }, options);
@@ -2466,7 +2425,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
         const char *builder = "invalid";
 
         string sandboxProfile;
-        if (isBuiltin(*drv)) {
+        if (drv->isBuiltin()) {
             ;
 #if __APPLE__
         } else if (useChroot) {
@@ -2583,7 +2542,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::runChild()
         writeFull(STDERR_FILENO, string("\1\n"));
 
         /* Execute the program.  This should not return. */
-        if (isBuiltin(*drv)) {
+        if (drv->isBuiltin()) {
             try {
                 logType = ltFlat;
                 if (drv->builder == "builtin:fetchurl")
@@ -2813,7 +2772,7 @@ void DerivationGoal::registerOutputs()
                 for (auto & i : references)
                     /* Don't call computeFSClosure on ourselves. */
                     if (actualPath != i)
-                        computeFSClosure(worker.store, i, used);
+                        worker.store.computeFSClosure(i, used);
             } else
                 used = references;
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/derivations.cc b/src/libstore/derivations.cc
index 7959d5bf..da1747da 100644
--- a/src/libstore/derivations.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/derivations.cc
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 #include "store-api.hh"
 #include "globals.hh"
 #include "util.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
 #include "worker-protocol.hh"
 
 
@@ -27,7 +26,49 @@ void DerivationOutput::parseHashInfo(bool & recursive, HashType & hashType, Hash
 }
 
 
-Path writeDerivation(StoreAPI & store,
+Path BasicDerivation::findOutput(const string & id) const
+{
+    auto i = outputs.find(id);
+    if (i == outputs.end())
+        throw Error(format("derivation has no output ‘%1%’") % id);
+    return i->second.path;
+}
+
+
+bool BasicDerivation::willBuildLocally() const
+{
+    return get(env, "preferLocalBuild") == "1" && canBuildLocally();
+}
+
+
+bool BasicDerivation::substitutesAllowed() const
+{
+    return get(env, "allowSubstitutes", "1") == "1";
+}
+
+
+bool BasicDerivation::isBuiltin() const
+{
+    return string(builder, 0, 8) == "builtin:";
+}
+
+
+bool BasicDerivation::canBuildLocally() const
+{
+    return platform == settings.thisSystem
+        || isBuiltin()
+#if __linux__
+        || (platform == "i686-linux" && settings.thisSystem == "x86_64-linux")
+        || (platform == "armv6l-linux" && settings.thisSystem == "armv7l-linux")
+#elif __FreeBSD__
+        || (platform == "i686-linux" && settings.thisSystem == "x86_64-freebsd")
+        || (platform == "i686-linux" && settings.thisSystem == "i686-freebsd")
+#endif
+        ;
+}
+
+
+Path writeDerivation(ref<StoreAPI> store,
     const Derivation & drv, const string & name, bool repair)
 {
     PathSet references;
@@ -38,10 +79,10 @@ Path writeDerivation(StoreAPI & store,
        (that can be missing (of course) and should not necessarily be
        held during a garbage collection). */
     string suffix = name + drvExtension;
-    string contents = unparseDerivation(drv);
+    string contents = drv.unparse();
     return settings.readOnlyMode
         ? computeStorePathForText(suffix, contents, references)
-        : store.addTextToStore(suffix, contents, references, repair);
+        : store->addTextToStore(suffix, contents, references, repair);
 }
 
 
@@ -149,14 +190,14 @@ static void printStrings(string & res, ForwardIterator i, ForwardIterator j)
 }
 
 
-string unparseDerivation(const Derivation & drv)
+string Derivation::unparse() const
 {
     string s;
     s.reserve(65536);
     s += "Derive([";
 
     bool first = true;
-    for (auto & i : drv.outputs) {
+    for (auto & i : outputs) {
         if (first) first = false; else s += ',';
         s += '('; printString(s, i.first);
         s += ','; printString(s, i.second.path);
@@ -167,7 +208,7 @@ string unparseDerivation(const Derivation & drv)
 
     s += "],[";
     first = true;
-    for (auto & i : drv.inputDrvs) {
+    for (auto & i : inputDrvs) {
         if (first) first = false; else s += ',';
         s += '('; printString(s, i.first);
         s += ','; printStrings(s, i.second.begin(), i.second.end());
@@ -175,15 +216,15 @@ string unparseDerivation(const Derivation & drv)
     }
 
     s += "],";
-    printStrings(s, drv.inputSrcs.begin(), drv.inputSrcs.end());
+    printStrings(s, inputSrcs.begin(), inputSrcs.end());
 
-    s += ','; printString(s, drv.platform);
-    s += ','; printString(s, drv.builder);
-    s += ','; printStrings(s, drv.args.begin(), drv.args.end());
+    s += ','; printString(s, platform);
+    s += ','; printString(s, builder);
+    s += ','; printStrings(s, args.begin(), args.end());
 
     s += ",[";
     first = true;
-    for (auto & i : drv.env) {
+    for (auto & i : env) {
         if (first) first = false; else s += ',';
         s += '('; printString(s, i.first);
         s += ','; printString(s, i.second);
@@ -202,11 +243,11 @@ bool isDerivation(const string & fileName)
 }
 
 
-bool isFixedOutputDrv(const Derivation & drv)
+bool BasicDerivation::isFixedOutput() const
 {
-    return drv.outputs.size() == 1 &&
-        drv.outputs.begin()->first == "out" &&
-        drv.outputs.begin()->second.hash != "";
+    return outputs.size() == 1 &&
+        outputs.begin()->first == "out" &&
+        outputs.begin()->second.hash != "";
 }
 
 
@@ -236,7 +277,7 @@ DrvHashes drvHashes;
 Hash hashDerivationModulo(StoreAPI & store, Derivation drv)
 {
     /* Return a fixed hash for fixed-output derivations. */
-    if (isFixedOutputDrv(drv)) {
+    if (drv.isFixedOutput()) {
         DerivationOutputs::const_iterator i = drv.outputs.begin();
         return hashString(htSHA256, "fixed:out:"
             + i->second.hashAlgo + ":"
@@ -259,7 +300,7 @@ Hash hashDerivationModulo(StoreAPI & store, Derivation drv)
     }
     drv.inputDrvs = inputs2;
 
-    return hashString(htSHA256, unparseDerivation(drv));
+    return hashString(htSHA256, drv.unparse());
 }
 
 
@@ -286,10 +327,10 @@ bool wantOutput(const string & output, const std::set<string> & wanted)
 }
 
 
-PathSet outputPaths(const BasicDerivation & drv)
+PathSet BasicDerivation::outputPaths() const
 {
     PathSet paths;
-    for (auto & i : drv.outputs)
+    for (auto & i : outputs)
         paths.insert(i.second.path);
     return paths;
 }
diff --git a/src/libstore/derivations.hh b/src/libstore/derivations.hh
index f0842045..4dda10b4 100644
--- a/src/libstore/derivations.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/derivations.hh
@@ -50,11 +50,33 @@ struct BasicDerivation
     StringPairs env;
 
     virtual ~BasicDerivation() { };
+
+    /* Return the path corresponding to the output identifier `id' in
+       the given derivation. */
+    Path findOutput(const string & id) const;
+
+    bool willBuildLocally() const;
+
+    bool substitutesAllowed() const;
+
+    bool isBuiltin() const;
+
+    bool canBuildLocally() const;
+
+    /* Return true iff this is a fixed-output derivation. */
+    bool isFixedOutput() const;
+
+    /* Return the output paths of a derivation. */
+    PathSet outputPaths() const;
+
 };
 
 struct Derivation : BasicDerivation
 {
     DerivationInputs inputDrvs; /* inputs that are sub-derivations */
+
+    /* Print a derivation. */
+    std::string unparse() const;
 };
 
 
@@ -62,28 +84,22 @@ class StoreAPI;
 
 
 /* Write a derivation to the Nix store, and return its path. */
-Path writeDerivation(StoreAPI & store,
+Path writeDerivation(ref<StoreAPI> store,
     const Derivation & drv, const string & name, bool repair = false);
 
 /* Read a derivation from a file. */
 Derivation readDerivation(const Path & drvPath);
 
-/* Print a derivation. */
-string unparseDerivation(const Derivation & drv);
-
-/* Check whether a file name ends with the extensions for
+/* Check whether a file name ends with the extension for
    derivations. */
 bool isDerivation(const string & fileName);
 
-/* Return true iff this is a fixed-output derivation. */
-bool isFixedOutputDrv(const Derivation & drv);
-
 Hash hashDerivationModulo(StoreAPI & store, Derivation drv);
 
 /* Memoisation of hashDerivationModulo(). */
 typedef std::map<Path, Hash> DrvHashes;
 
-extern DrvHashes drvHashes;
+extern DrvHashes drvHashes; // FIXME: global, not thread-safe
 
 /* Split a string specifying a derivation and a set of outputs
    (/nix/store/hash-foo!out1,out2,...) into the derivation path and
@@ -95,8 +111,6 @@ Path makeDrvPathWithOutputs(const Path & drvPath, const std::set<string> & outpu
 
 bool wantOutput(const string & output, const std::set<string> & wanted);
 
-PathSet outputPaths(const BasicDerivation & drv);
-
 struct Source;
 struct Sink;
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/download.cc b/src/libstore/download.cc
index 822e9a8d..5e50c148 100644
--- a/src/libstore/download.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/download.cc
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ DownloadResult downloadFile(string url, const DownloadOptions & options)
 }
 
 
-Path downloadFileCached(const string & url, bool unpack)
+Path downloadFileCached(ref<StoreAPI> store, const string & url, bool unpack)
 {
     Path cacheDir = getEnv("XDG_CACHE_HOME", getEnv("HOME", "") + "/.cache") + "/nix/tarballs";
     createDirs(cacheDir);
diff --git a/src/libstore/download.hh b/src/libstore/download.hh
index c1cb25b9..a727936d 100644
--- a/src/libstore/download.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/download.hh
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "types.hh"
+
 #include <string>
 
 namespace nix {
@@ -18,9 +19,11 @@ struct DownloadResult
     string data, etag;
 };
 
+class StoreAPI;
+
 DownloadResult downloadFile(string url, const DownloadOptions & options);
 
-Path downloadFileCached(const string & url, bool unpack);
+Path downloadFileCached(ref<StoreAPI> store, const string & url, bool unpack);
 
 MakeError(DownloadError, Error)
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/gc.cc b/src/libstore/gc.cc
index 998a7516..9c158c3e 100644
--- a/src/libstore/gc.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/gc.cc
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+#include "derivations.hh"
 #include "globals.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
 #include "local-store.hh"
 
 #include <functional>
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ void LocalStore::addIndirectRoot(const Path & path)
 }
 
 
-Path addPermRoot(StoreAPI & store, const Path & _storePath,
+Path addPermRoot(ref<StoreAPI> store, const Path & _storePath,
     const Path & _gcRoot, bool indirect, bool allowOutsideRootsDir)
 {
     Path storePath(canonPath(_storePath));
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ Path addPermRoot(StoreAPI & store, const Path & _storePath,
         if (pathExists(gcRoot) && (!isLink(gcRoot) || !isInStore(readLink(gcRoot))))
             throw Error(format("cannot create symlink ‘%1%’; already exists") % gcRoot);
         makeSymlink(gcRoot, storePath);
-        store.addIndirectRoot(gcRoot);
+        store->addIndirectRoot(gcRoot);
     }
 
     else {
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Path addPermRoot(StoreAPI & store, const Path & _storePath,
        check if the root is in a directory in or linked from the
        gcroots directory. */
     if (settings.checkRootReachability) {
-        Roots roots = store.findRoots();
+        Roots roots = store->findRoots();
         if (roots.find(gcRoot) == roots.end())
             printMsg(lvlError,
                 format(
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Path addPermRoot(StoreAPI & store, const Path & _storePath,
     /* Grab the global GC root, causing us to block while a GC is in
        progress.  This prevents the set of permanent roots from
        increasing while a GC is in progress. */
-    store.syncWithGC();
+    store->syncWithGC();
 
     return gcRoot;
 }
@@ -260,19 +260,16 @@ static void readTempRoots(PathSet & tempRoots, FDs & fds)
 }
 
 
-static void foundRoot(StoreAPI & store,
-    const Path & path, const Path & target, Roots & roots)
+void LocalStore::findRoots(const Path & path, unsigned char type, Roots & roots)
 {
-    Path storePath = toStorePath(target);
-    if (store.isValidPath(storePath))
-        roots[path] = storePath;
-    else
-        printMsg(lvlInfo, format("skipping invalid root from ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % path % storePath);
-}
+    auto foundRoot = [&](const Path & path, const Path & target) {
+        Path storePath = toStorePath(target);
+        if (isValidPath(storePath))
+            roots[path] = storePath;
+        else
+            printMsg(lvlInfo, format("skipping invalid root from ‘%1%’ to ‘%2%’") % path % storePath);
+    };
 
-
-static void findRoots(StoreAPI & store, const Path & path, unsigned char type, Roots & roots)
-{
     try {
 
         if (type == DT_UNKNOWN)
@@ -280,13 +277,13 @@ static void findRoots(StoreAPI & store, const Path & path, unsigned char type, R
 
         if (type == DT_DIR) {
             for (auto & i : readDirectory(path))
-                findRoots(store, path + "/" + i.name, i.type, roots);
+                findRoots(path + "/" + i.name, i.type, roots);
         }
 
         else if (type == DT_LNK) {
             Path target = readLink(path);
             if (isInStore(target))
-                foundRoot(store, path, target, roots);
+                foundRoot(path, target);
 
             /* Handle indirect roots. */
             else {
@@ -300,14 +297,14 @@ static void findRoots(StoreAPI & store, const Path & path, unsigned char type, R
                     struct stat st2 = lstat(target);
                     if (!S_ISLNK(st2.st_mode)) return;
                     Path target2 = readLink(target);
-                    if (isInStore(target2)) foundRoot(store, target, target2, roots);
+                    if (isInStore(target2)) foundRoot(target, target2);
                 }
             }
         }
 
         else if (type == DT_REG) {
             Path storePath = settings.nixStore + "/" + baseNameOf(path);
-            if (store.isValidPath(storePath))
+            if (isValidPath(storePath))
                 roots[path] = storePath;
         }
 
@@ -328,16 +325,16 @@ Roots LocalStore::findRoots()
     Roots roots;
 
     /* Process direct roots in {gcroots,manifests,profiles}. */
-    nix::findRoots(*this, settings.nixStateDir + "/" + gcRootsDir, DT_UNKNOWN, roots);
+    findRoots(settings.nixStateDir + "/" + gcRootsDir, DT_UNKNOWN, roots);
     if (pathExists(settings.nixStateDir + "/manifests"))
-        nix::findRoots(*this, settings.nixStateDir + "/manifests", DT_UNKNOWN, roots);
-    nix::findRoots(*this, settings.nixStateDir + "/profiles", DT_UNKNOWN, roots);
+        findRoots(settings.nixStateDir + "/manifests", DT_UNKNOWN, roots);
+    findRoots(settings.nixStateDir + "/profiles", DT_UNKNOWN, roots);
 
     return roots;
 }
 
 
-static void addAdditionalRoots(StoreAPI & store, PathSet & roots)
+void LocalStore::findRuntimeRoots(PathSet & roots)
 {
     Path rootFinder = getEnv("NIX_ROOT_FINDER",
         settings.nixLibexecDir + "/nix/find-runtime-roots.pl");
@@ -353,7 +350,7 @@ static void addAdditionalRoots(StoreAPI & store, PathSet & roots)
     for (auto & i : paths)
         if (isInStore(i)) {
             Path path = toStorePath(i);
-            if (roots.find(path) == roots.end() && store.isValidPath(path)) {
+            if (roots.find(path) == roots.end() && isValidPath(path)) {
                 debug(format("got additional root ‘%1%’") % path);
                 roots.insert(path);
             }
@@ -628,7 +625,7 @@ void LocalStore::collectGarbage(const GCOptions & options, GCResults & results)
        to add running programs to the set of roots (to prevent them
        from being garbage collected). */
     if (!options.ignoreLiveness)
-        addAdditionalRoots(*this, state.roots);
+        findRuntimeRoots(state.roots);
 
     /* Read the temporary roots.  This acquires read locks on all
        per-process temporary root files.  So after this point no paths
diff --git a/src/libstore/local-store.cc b/src/libstore/local-store.cc
index 55bd3e70..13179459 100644
--- a/src/libstore/local-store.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/local-store.cc
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ void LocalStore::checkDerivationOutputs(const Path & drvPath, const Derivation &
     assert(isDerivation(drvName));
     drvName = string(drvName, 0, drvName.size() - drvExtension.size());
 
-    if (isFixedOutputDrv(drv)) {
+    if (drv.isFixedOutput()) {
         DerivationOutputs::const_iterator out = drv.outputs.find("out");
         if (out == drv.outputs.end())
             throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ does not have an output named ‘out’") % drvPath);
@@ -1335,7 +1335,7 @@ void LocalStore::registerValidPaths(const ValidPathInfos & infos)
            error if a cycle is detected and roll back the
            transaction.  Cycles can only occur when a derivation
            has multiple outputs. */
-        topoSortPaths(*this, paths);
+        topoSortPaths(paths);
 
         txn.commit();
     } end_retry_sqlite;
diff --git a/src/libstore/local-store.hh b/src/libstore/local-store.hh
index 5b27f907..3ef042b6 100644
--- a/src/libstore/local-store.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/local-store.hh
@@ -303,6 +303,10 @@ private:
 
     int openGCLock(LockType lockType);
 
+    void findRoots(const Path & path, unsigned char type, Roots & roots);
+
+    void findRuntimeRoots(PathSet & roots);
+
     void removeUnusedLinks(const GCState & state);
 
     void startSubstituter(const Path & substituter,
diff --git a/src/libstore/misc.cc b/src/libstore/misc.cc
index 61a976c0..032dfe65 100644
--- a/src/libstore/misc.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/misc.cc
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-#include "misc.hh"
-#include "store-api.hh"
-#include "local-store.hh"
+#include "derivations.hh"
 #include "globals.hh"
+#include "local-store.hh"
+#include "store-api.hh"
 
 
 namespace nix {
 
 
-Derivation derivationFromPath(StoreAPI & store, const Path & drvPath)
+Derivation StoreAPI::derivationFromPath(const Path & drvPath)
 {
     assertStorePath(drvPath);
-    store.ensurePath(drvPath);
+    ensurePath(drvPath);
     return readDerivation(drvPath);
 }
 
 
-void computeFSClosure(StoreAPI & store, const Path & path,
+void StoreAPI::computeFSClosure(const Path & path,
     PathSet & paths, bool flipDirection, bool includeOutputs, bool includeDerivers)
 {
     if (paths.find(path) != paths.end()) return;
@@ -24,50 +24,42 @@ void computeFSClosure(StoreAPI & store, const Path & path,
     PathSet edges;
 
     if (flipDirection) {
-        store.queryReferrers(path, edges);
+        queryReferrers(path, edges);
 
         if (includeOutputs) {
-            PathSet derivers = store.queryValidDerivers(path);
+            PathSet derivers = queryValidDerivers(path);
             for (auto & i : derivers)
                 edges.insert(i);
         }
 
         if (includeDerivers && isDerivation(path)) {
-            PathSet outputs = store.queryDerivationOutputs(path);
+            PathSet outputs = queryDerivationOutputs(path);
             for (auto & i : outputs)
-                if (store.isValidPath(i) && store.queryDeriver(i) == path)
+                if (isValidPath(i) && queryDeriver(i) == path)
                     edges.insert(i);
         }
 
     } else {
-        store.queryReferences(path, edges);
+        queryReferences(path, edges);
 
         if (includeOutputs && isDerivation(path)) {
-            PathSet outputs = store.queryDerivationOutputs(path);
+            PathSet outputs = queryDerivationOutputs(path);
             for (auto & i : outputs)
-                if (store.isValidPath(i)) edges.insert(i);
+                if (isValidPath(i)) edges.insert(i);
         }
 
         if (includeDerivers) {
-            Path deriver = store.queryDeriver(path);
-            if (store.isValidPath(deriver)) edges.insert(deriver);
+            Path deriver = queryDeriver(path);
+            if (isValidPath(deriver)) edges.insert(deriver);
         }
     }
 
     for (auto & i : edges)
-        computeFSClosure(store, i, paths, flipDirection, includeOutputs, includeDerivers);
+        computeFSClosure(i, paths, flipDirection, includeOutputs, includeDerivers);
 }
 
 
-Path findOutput(const Derivation & drv, string id)
-{
-    for (auto & i : drv.outputs)
-        if (i.first == id) return i.second.path;
-    throw Error(format("derivation has no output ‘%1%’") % id);
-}
-
-
-void queryMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & targets,
+void StoreAPI::queryMissing(const PathSet & targets,
     PathSet & willBuild, PathSet & willSubstitute, PathSet & unknown,
     unsigned long long & downloadSize, unsigned long long & narSize)
 {
@@ -105,27 +97,27 @@ void queryMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & targets,
             DrvPathWithOutputs i2 = parseDrvPathWithOutputs(i);
 
             if (isDerivation(i2.first)) {
-                if (!store.isValidPath(i2.first)) {
+                if (!isValidPath(i2.first)) {
                     // FIXME: we could try to substitute p.
                     unknown.insert(i);
                     continue;
                 }
-                Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(store, i2.first);
+                Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(i2.first);
 
                 PathSet invalid;
                 for (auto & j : drv.outputs)
                     if (wantOutput(j.first, i2.second)
-                        && !store.isValidPath(j.second.path))
+                        && !isValidPath(j.second.path))
                         invalid.insert(j.second.path);
                 if (invalid.empty()) continue;
 
                 todoDrv.insert(i);
-                if (settings.useSubstitutes && substitutesAllowed(drv))
+                if (settings.useSubstitutes && drv.substitutesAllowed())
                     query.insert(invalid.begin(), invalid.end());
             }
 
             else {
-                if (store.isValidPath(i)) continue;
+                if (isValidPath(i)) continue;
                 query.insert(i);
                 todoNonDrv.insert(i);
             }
@@ -134,20 +126,20 @@ void queryMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & targets,
         todo.clear();
 
         SubstitutablePathInfos infos;
-        store.querySubstitutablePathInfos(query, infos);
+        querySubstitutablePathInfos(query, infos);
 
         for (auto & i : todoDrv) {
             DrvPathWithOutputs i2 = parseDrvPathWithOutputs(i);
 
             // FIXME: cache this
-            Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(store, i2.first);
+            Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(i2.first);
 
             PathSet outputs;
             bool mustBuild = false;
-            if (settings.useSubstitutes && substitutesAllowed(drv)) {
+            if (settings.useSubstitutes && drv.substitutesAllowed()) {
                 for (auto & j : drv.outputs) {
                     if (!wantOutput(j.first, i2.second)) continue;
-                    if (!store.isValidPath(j.second.path)) {
+                    if (!isValidPath(j.second.path)) {
                         if (infos.find(j.second.path) == infos.end())
                             mustBuild = true;
                         else
@@ -181,38 +173,38 @@ void queryMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & targets,
 }
 
 
-static void dfsVisit(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & paths,
-    const Path & path, PathSet & visited, Paths & sorted,
-    PathSet & parents)
-{
-    if (parents.find(path) != parents.end())
-        throw BuildError(format("cycle detected in the references of ‘%1%’") % path);
-
-    if (visited.find(path) != visited.end()) return;
-    visited.insert(path);
-    parents.insert(path);
-
-    PathSet references;
-    if (store.isValidPath(path))
-        store.queryReferences(path, references);
-
-    for (auto & i : references)
-        /* Don't traverse into paths that don't exist.  That can
-           happen due to substitutes for non-existent paths. */
-        if (i != path && paths.find(i) != paths.end())
-            dfsVisit(store, paths, i, visited, sorted, parents);
-
-    sorted.push_front(path);
-    parents.erase(path);
-}
-
-
-Paths topoSortPaths(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & paths)
+Paths StoreAPI::topoSortPaths(const PathSet & paths)
 {
     Paths sorted;
     PathSet visited, parents;
+
+    std::function<void(const Path & path)> dfsVisit;
+
+    dfsVisit = [&](const Path & path) {
+        if (parents.find(path) != parents.end())
+            throw BuildError(format("cycle detected in the references of ‘%1%’") % path);
+
+        if (visited.find(path) != visited.end()) return;
+        visited.insert(path);
+        parents.insert(path);
+
+        PathSet references;
+        if (isValidPath(path))
+            queryReferences(path, references);
+
+        for (auto & i : references)
+            /* Don't traverse into paths that don't exist.  That can
+               happen due to substitutes for non-existent paths. */
+            if (i != path && paths.find(i) != paths.end())
+                dfsVisit(i);
+
+        sorted.push_front(path);
+        parents.erase(path);
+    };
+
     for (auto & i : paths)
-        dfsVisit(store, paths, i, visited, sorted, parents);
+        dfsVisit(i);
+
     return sorted;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/misc.hh b/src/libstore/misc.hh
deleted file mode 100644
index 495c5287..00000000
--- a/src/libstore/misc.hh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "derivations.hh"
-
-
-namespace nix {
-
-
-/* Read a derivation, after ensuring its existence through
-   ensurePath(). */
-Derivation derivationFromPath(StoreAPI & store, const Path & drvPath);
-
-/* Place in `paths' the set of all store paths in the file system
-   closure of `storePath'; that is, all paths than can be directly or
-   indirectly reached from it.  `paths' is not cleared.  If
-   `flipDirection' is true, the set of paths that can reach
-   `storePath' is returned; that is, the closures under the
-   `referrers' relation instead of the `references' relation is
-   returned. */
-void computeFSClosure(StoreAPI & store, const Path & path,
-    PathSet & paths, bool flipDirection = false,
-    bool includeOutputs = false, bool includeDerivers = false);
-
-/* Return the path corresponding to the output identifier `id' in the
-   given derivation. */
-Path findOutput(const Derivation & drv, string id);
-
-/* Given a set of paths that are to be built, return the set of
-   derivations that will be built, and the set of output paths that
-   will be substituted. */
-void queryMissing(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & targets,
-    PathSet & willBuild, PathSet & willSubstitute, PathSet & unknown,
-    unsigned long long & downloadSize, unsigned long long & narSize);
-
-bool willBuildLocally(const BasicDerivation & drv);
-
-bool substitutesAllowed(const BasicDerivation & drv);
-
-
-}
diff --git a/src/libstore/profiles.cc b/src/libstore/profiles.cc
index da3f7da9..4903b12f 100644
--- a/src/libstore/profiles.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/profiles.cc
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ static void makeName(const Path & profile, unsigned int num,
 }
 
 
-Path createGeneration(Path profile, Path outPath)
+Path createGeneration(ref<StoreAPI> store, Path profile, Path outPath)
 {
     /* The new generation number should be higher than old the
        previous ones. */
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Path createGeneration(Path profile, Path outPath)
        user environment etc. we've just built. */
     Path generation;
     makeName(profile, num + 1, generation);
-    addPermRoot(*store, outPath, generation, false, true);
+    addPermRoot(store, outPath, generation, false, true);
 
     return generation;
 }
diff --git a/src/libstore/profiles.hh b/src/libstore/profiles.hh
index e99bbf39..37d8ec99 100644
--- a/src/libstore/profiles.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/profiles.hh
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ typedef list<Generation> Generations;
    profile, sorted by generation number. */
 Generations findGenerations(Path profile, int & curGen);
 
-Path createGeneration(Path profile, Path outPath);
+class StoreAPI;
+
+Path createGeneration(ref<StoreAPI> store, Path profile, Path outPath);
 
 void deleteGeneration(const Path & profile, unsigned int gen);
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/store-api.cc b/src/libstore/store-api.cc
index f5035d32..98399cc4 100644
--- a/src/libstore/store-api.cc
+++ b/src/libstore/store-api.cc
@@ -284,12 +284,12 @@ string showPaths(const PathSet & paths)
 }
 
 
-void exportPaths(StoreAPI & store, const Paths & paths,
+void StoreAPI::exportPaths(const Paths & paths,
     bool sign, Sink & sink)
 {
     for (auto & i : paths) {
         sink << 1;
-        store.exportPath(i, sign, sink);
+        exportPath(i, sign, sink);
     }
     sink << 0;
 }
@@ -306,10 +306,7 @@ void exportPaths(StoreAPI & store, const Paths & paths,
 namespace nix {
 
 
-std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> store;
-
-
-std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> openStore(bool reserveSpace)
+ref<StoreAPI> openStore(bool reserveSpace)
 {
     enum { mDaemon, mLocal, mAuto } mode;
 
@@ -325,8 +322,8 @@ std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> openStore(bool reserveSpace)
     }
 
     return mode == mDaemon
-        ? (std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI>) std::make_shared<RemoteStore>()
-        : std::make_shared<LocalStore>(reserveSpace);
+        ? make_ref<StoreAPI, RemoteStore>()
+        : make_ref<StoreAPI, LocalStore>(reserveSpace);
 }
 
 
diff --git a/src/libstore/store-api.hh b/src/libstore/store-api.hh
index 9fa13703..ce085ff5 100644
--- a/src/libstore/store-api.hh
+++ b/src/libstore/store-api.hh
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ struct BuildResult
 
 
 struct BasicDerivation;
+struct Derivation;
 
 
 class StoreAPI
@@ -214,6 +215,10 @@ public:
     virtual void exportPath(const Path & path, bool sign,
         Sink & sink) = 0;
 
+    /* Export multiple paths in the format expected by ‘nix-store
+       --import’. */
+    void exportPaths(const Paths & paths, bool sign, Sink & sink);
+
     /* Import a sequence of NAR dumps created by exportPaths() into
        the Nix store. */
     virtual Paths importPaths(bool requireSignature, Source & source) = 0;
@@ -298,6 +303,35 @@ public:
     /* Check the integrity of the Nix store.  Returns true if errors
        remain. */
     virtual bool verifyStore(bool checkContents, bool repair) = 0;
+
+    /* Utility functions. */
+
+    /* Read a derivation, after ensuring its existence through
+       ensurePath(). */
+    Derivation derivationFromPath(const Path & drvPath);
+
+    /* Place in `paths' the set of all store paths in the file system
+       closure of `storePath'; that is, all paths than can be directly
+       or indirectly reached from it.  `paths' is not cleared.  If
+       `flipDirection' is true, the set of paths that can reach
+       `storePath' is returned; that is, the closures under the
+       `referrers' relation instead of the `references' relation is
+       returned. */
+    void computeFSClosure(const Path & path,
+        PathSet & paths, bool flipDirection = false,
+        bool includeOutputs = false, bool includeDerivers = false);
+
+    /* Given a set of paths that are to be built, return the set of
+       derivations that will be built, and the set of output paths
+       that will be substituted. */
+    void queryMissing(const PathSet & targets,
+        PathSet & willBuild, PathSet & willSubstitute, PathSet & unknown,
+        unsigned long long & downloadSize, unsigned long long & narSize);
+
+    /* Sort a set of paths topologically under the references
+       relation.  If p refers to q, then p preceeds q in this list. */
+    Paths topoSortPaths(const PathSet & paths);
+
 };
 
 
@@ -373,23 +407,13 @@ void removeTempRoots();
 
 
 /* Register a permanent GC root. */
-Path addPermRoot(StoreAPI & store, const Path & storePath,
+Path addPermRoot(ref<StoreAPI> store, const Path & storePath,
     const Path & gcRoot, bool indirect, bool allowOutsideRootsDir = false);
 
 
-/* Sort a set of paths topologically under the references relation.
-   If p refers to q, then p preceeds q in this list. */
-Paths topoSortPaths(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & paths);
-
-
-/* For now, there is a single global store API object, but we'll
-   purify that in the future. */
-extern std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> store;
-
-
 /* Factory method: open the Nix database, either through the local or
    remote implementation. */
-std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> openStore(bool reserveSpace = true);
+ref<StoreAPI> openStore(bool reserveSpace = true);
 
 
 /* Display a set of paths in human-readable form (i.e., between quotes
@@ -401,12 +425,6 @@ ValidPathInfo decodeValidPathInfo(std::istream & str,
     bool hashGiven = false);
 
 
-/* Export multiple paths in the format expected by ‘nix-store
-   --import’. */
-void exportPaths(StoreAPI & store, const Paths & paths,
-    bool sign, Sink & sink);
-
-
 MakeError(SubstError, Error)
 MakeError(BuildError, Error) /* denotes a permanent build failure */
 
diff --git a/src/libutil/types.hh b/src/libutil/types.hh
index 160884ee..23eb5251 100644
--- a/src/libutil/types.hh
+++ b/src/libutil/types.hh
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <list>
 #include <set>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include <boost/format.hpp>
 
@@ -96,4 +97,70 @@ typedef enum {
 } Verbosity;
 
 
+/* A simple non-nullable reference-counted pointer. Actually a wrapper
+   around std::shared_ptr that prevents non-null constructions. */
+template<typename T>
+class ref
+{
+private:
+
+    std::shared_ptr<T> p;
+
+public:
+
+    ref<T>(const ref<T> & r)
+        : p(r.p)
+    { }
+
+    explicit ref<T>(const std::shared_ptr<T> & p)
+        : p(p)
+    {
+        if (!p)
+            throw std::invalid_argument("null pointer cast to ref");
+    }
+
+    T* operator ->() const
+    {
+        return &*p;
+    }
+
+    T& operator *() const
+    {
+        return *p;
+    }
+
+    operator std::shared_ptr<T> ()
+    {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+private:
+
+    template<typename T2, typename... Args>
+    friend ref<T2>
+    make_ref(Args&&... args);
+
+    template<typename T2, typename T3, typename... Args>
+    friend ref<T2>
+    make_ref(Args&&... args);
+
+};
+
+template<typename T, typename... Args>
+inline ref<T>
+make_ref(Args&&... args)
+{
+    auto p = std::make_shared<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return ref<T>(p);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename T2, typename... Args>
+inline ref<T>
+make_ref(Args&&... args)
+{
+    auto p = std::make_shared<T2>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return ref<T>(p);
+}
+
+
 }
diff --git a/src/libutil/util.hh b/src/libutil/util.hh
index a889ef2f..b714cdc6 100644
--- a/src/libutil/util.hh
+++ b/src/libutil/util.hh
@@ -413,4 +413,14 @@ string base64Encode(const string & s);
 string base64Decode(const string & s);
 
 
+/* Get a value for the specified key from an associate container, or a
+   default value if the key doesn't exist. */
+template <class T>
+string get(const T & map, const string & key, const string & def = "")
+{
+    auto i = map.find(key);
+    return i == map.end() ? def : i->second;
+}
+
+
 }
diff --git a/src/nix-collect-garbage/nix-collect-garbage.cc b/src/nix-collect-garbage/nix-collect-garbage.cc
index 5a72cb71..b9ccafb7 100644
--- a/src/nix-collect-garbage/nix-collect-garbage.cc
+++ b/src/nix-collect-garbage/nix-collect-garbage.cc
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
         // Run the actual garbage collector.
         if (!dryRun) {
-            store = openStore(false);
+            auto store = openStore(false);
             options.action = GCOptions::gcDeleteDead;
             GCResults results;
             PrintFreed freed(true, results);
diff --git a/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc b/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
index c5e11afa..aa20aa67 100644
--- a/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
+++ b/src/nix-daemon/nix-daemon.cc
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ struct SavingSourceAdapter : Source
 };
 
 
-static void performOp(bool trusted, unsigned int clientVersion,
+static void performOp(ref<LocalStore> store, bool trusted, unsigned int clientVersion,
     Source & from, Sink & to, unsigned int op)
 {
     switch (op) {
@@ -278,8 +278,7 @@ static void performOp(bool trusted, unsigned int clientVersion,
 
         startWork();
         if (!savedRegular.regular) throw Error("regular file expected");
-        Path path = dynamic_cast<LocalStore *>(store.get())
-            ->addToStoreFromDump(recursive ? savedNAR.s : savedRegular.s, baseName, recursive, hashAlgo);
+        Path path = store->addToStoreFromDump(recursive ? savedNAR.s : savedRegular.s, baseName, recursive, hashAlgo);
         stopWork();
 
         to << path;
@@ -583,56 +582,56 @@ static void processConnection(bool trusted)
 #endif
 
         /* Open the store. */
-        store = std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI>(new LocalStore(reserveSpace));
+        auto store = make_ref<LocalStore>(reserveSpace);
 
         stopWork();
         to.flush();
 
+        /* Process client requests. */
+        unsigned int opCount = 0;
+
+        while (true) {
+            WorkerOp op;
+            try {
+                op = (WorkerOp) readInt(from);
+            } catch (Interrupted & e) {
+                break;
+            } catch (EndOfFile & e) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            opCount++;
+
+            try {
+                performOp(store, trusted, clientVersion, from, to, op);
+            } catch (Error & e) {
+                /* If we're not in a state where we can send replies, then
+                   something went wrong processing the input of the
+                   client.  This can happen especially if I/O errors occur
+                   during addTextToStore() / importPath().  If that
+                   happens, just send the error message and exit. */
+                bool errorAllowed = canSendStderr;
+                stopWork(false, e.msg(), GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 8 ? e.status : 0);
+                if (!errorAllowed) throw;
+            } catch (std::bad_alloc & e) {
+                stopWork(false, "Nix daemon out of memory", GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 8 ? 1 : 0);
+                throw;
+            }
+
+            to.flush();
+
+            assert(!canSendStderr);
+        };
+
+        canSendStderr = false;
+        _isInterrupted = false;
+        printMsg(lvlDebug, format("%1% operations") % opCount);
+
     } catch (Error & e) {
         stopWork(false, e.msg(), GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 8 ? 1 : 0);
         to.flush();
         return;
     }
-
-    /* Process client requests. */
-    unsigned int opCount = 0;
-
-    while (true) {
-        WorkerOp op;
-        try {
-            op = (WorkerOp) readInt(from);
-        } catch (Interrupted & e) {
-            break;
-        } catch (EndOfFile & e) {
-            break;
-        }
-
-        opCount++;
-
-        try {
-            performOp(trusted, clientVersion, from, to, op);
-        } catch (Error & e) {
-            /* If we're not in a state where we can send replies, then
-               something went wrong processing the input of the
-               client.  This can happen especially if I/O errors occur
-               during addTextToStore() / importPath().  If that
-               happens, just send the error message and exit. */
-            bool errorAllowed = canSendStderr;
-            stopWork(false, e.msg(), GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 8 ? e.status : 0);
-            if (!errorAllowed) throw;
-        } catch (std::bad_alloc & e) {
-            stopWork(false, "Nix daemon out of memory", GET_PROTOCOL_MINOR(clientVersion) >= 8 ? 1 : 0);
-            throw;
-        }
-
-        to.flush();
-
-        assert(!canSendStderr);
-    };
-
-    canSendStderr = false;
-    _isInterrupted = false;
-    printMsg(lvlDebug, format("%1% operations") % opCount);
 }
 
 
@@ -787,10 +786,6 @@ static void daemonLoop(char * * argv)
     while (1) {
 
         try {
-            /* Important: the server process *cannot* open the SQLite
-               database, because it doesn't like forks very much. */
-            assert(!store);
-
             /* Accept a connection. */
             struct sockaddr_un remoteAddr;
             socklen_t remoteAddrLen = sizeof(remoteAddr);
diff --git a/src/nix-env/nix-env.cc b/src/nix-env/nix-env.cc
index 02a9f25a..12e19d4a 100644
--- a/src/nix-env/nix-env.cc
+++ b/src/nix-env/nix-env.cc
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-#include "profiles.hh"
-#include "names.hh"
-#include "globals.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
-#include "shared.hh"
-#include "eval.hh"
-#include "get-drvs.hh"
 #include "attr-path.hh"
 #include "common-opts.hh"
-#include "xml-writer.hh"
+#include "derivations.hh"
+#include "eval.hh"
+#include "get-drvs.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
+#include "names.hh"
+#include "profiles.hh"
+#include "shared.hh"
 #include "store-api.hh"
 #include "user-env.hh"
 #include "util.hh"
 #include "value-to-json.hh"
+#include "xml-writer.hh"
 
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <ctime>
@@ -223,8 +223,8 @@ static int comparePriorities(EvalState & state, DrvInfo & drv1, DrvInfo & drv2)
 static bool isPrebuilt(EvalState & state, DrvInfo & elem)
 {
     Path path = elem.queryOutPath();
-    if (store->isValidPath(path)) return true;
-    PathSet ps = store->querySubstitutablePaths(singleton<PathSet>(path));
+    if (state.store->isValidPath(path)) return true;
+    PathSet ps = state.store->querySubstitutablePaths(singleton<PathSet>(path));
     return ps.find(path) != ps.end();
 }
 
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ static void queryInstSources(EvalState & state,
 
                 if (isDerivation(path)) {
                     elem.setDrvPath(path);
-                    elem.setOutPath(findOutput(derivationFromPath(*store, path), "out"));
+                    elem.setOutPath(state.store->derivationFromPath(path).findOutput("out"));
                     if (name.size() >= drvExtension.size() &&
                         string(name, name.size() - drvExtension.size()) == drvExtension)
                         name = string(name, 0, name.size() - drvExtension.size());
@@ -445,7 +445,7 @@ static void printMissing(EvalState & state, DrvInfos & elems)
             targets.insert(i.queryOutPath());
     }
 
-    printMissing(*store, targets);
+    printMissing(state.store, targets);
 }
 
 
@@ -711,18 +711,18 @@ static void opSet(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 
     if (drv.queryDrvPath() != "") {
         PathSet paths = singleton<PathSet>(drv.queryDrvPath());
-        printMissing(*store, paths);
+        printMissing(globals.state->store, paths);
         if (globals.dryRun) return;
-        store->buildPaths(paths, globals.state->repair ? bmRepair : bmNormal);
+        globals.state->store->buildPaths(paths, globals.state->repair ? bmRepair : bmNormal);
     }
     else {
-        printMissing(*store, singleton<PathSet>(drv.queryOutPath()));
+        printMissing(globals.state->store, singleton<PathSet>(drv.queryOutPath()));
         if (globals.dryRun) return;
-        store->ensurePath(drv.queryOutPath());
+        globals.state->store->ensurePath(drv.queryOutPath());
     }
 
     debug(format("switching to new user environment"));
-    Path generation = createGeneration(globals.profile, drv.queryOutPath());
+    Path generation = createGeneration(globals.state->store, globals.profile, drv.queryOutPath());
     switchLink(globals.profile, generation);
 }
 
@@ -973,8 +973,8 @@ static void opQuery(Globals & globals, Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                 printMsg(lvlTalkative, format("skipping derivation named ‘%1%’ which gives an assertion failure") % i.name);
                 i.setFailed();
             }
-        validPaths = store->queryValidPaths(paths);
-        substitutablePaths = store->querySubstitutablePaths(paths);
+        validPaths = globals.state->store->queryValidPaths(paths);
+        substitutablePaths = globals.state->store->querySubstitutablePaths(paths);
     }
 
 
@@ -1394,9 +1394,9 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
         if (!op) throw UsageError("no operation specified");
 
-        store = openStore();
+        auto store = openStore();
 
-        globals.state = std::shared_ptr<EvalState>(new EvalState(searchPath));
+        globals.state = std::shared_ptr<EvalState>(new EvalState(searchPath, store));
         globals.state->repair = repair;
 
         if (file != "")
diff --git a/src/nix-env/user-env.cc b/src/nix-env/user-env.cc
index 9a20b943..4e0e28c1 100644
--- a/src/nix-env/user-env.cc
+++ b/src/nix-env/user-env.cc
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ bool createUserEnv(EvalState & state, DrvInfos & elems,
             drvsToBuild.insert(i.queryDrvPath());
 
     debug(format("building user environment dependencies"));
-    store->buildPaths(drvsToBuild, state.repair ? bmRepair : bmNormal);
+    state.store->buildPaths(drvsToBuild, state.repair ? bmRepair : bmNormal);
 
     /* Construct the whole top level derivation. */
     PathSet references;
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ bool createUserEnv(EvalState & state, DrvInfos & elems,
 
             /* This is only necessary when installing store paths, e.g.,
                `nix-env -i /nix/store/abcd...-foo'. */
-            store->addTempRoot(j.second);
-            store->ensurePath(j.second);
+            state.store->addTempRoot(j.second);
+            state.store->ensurePath(j.second);
 
             references.insert(j.second);
         }
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ bool createUserEnv(EvalState & state, DrvInfos & elems,
     /* Also write a copy of the list of user environment elements to
        the store; we need it for future modifications of the
        environment. */
-    Path manifestFile = store->addTextToStore("env-manifest.nix",
+    Path manifestFile = state.store->addTextToStore("env-manifest.nix",
         (format("%1%") % manifest).str(), references);
 
     /* Get the environment builder expression. */
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ bool createUserEnv(EvalState & state, DrvInfos & elems,
 
     /* Realise the resulting store expression. */
     debug("building user environment");
-    store->buildPaths(singleton<PathSet>(topLevelDrv), state.repair ? bmRepair : bmNormal);
+    state.store->buildPaths(singleton<PathSet>(topLevelDrv), state.repair ? bmRepair : bmNormal);
 
     /* Switch the current user environment to the output path. */
     PathLocks lock;
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ bool createUserEnv(EvalState & state, DrvInfos & elems,
     }
 
     debug(format("switching to new user environment"));
-    Path generation = createGeneration(profile, topLevelOut);
+    Path generation = createGeneration(state.store, profile, topLevelOut);
     switchLink(profile, generation);
 
     return true;
diff --git a/src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc b/src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc
index 13a145a3..a20c5ce6 100644
--- a/src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc
+++ b/src/nix-instantiate/nix-instantiate.cc
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 #include "util.hh"
 #include "store-api.hh"
 #include "common-opts.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
 
 #include <map>
 #include <iostream>
@@ -33,7 +32,7 @@ static bool indirectRoot = false;
 enum OutputKind { okPlain, okXML, okJSON };
 
 
-void processExpr(EvalState & state, const Strings & attrPaths,
+void processExpr(ref<StoreAPI> store, EvalState & state, const Strings & attrPaths,
     bool parseOnly, bool strict, Bindings & autoArgs,
     bool evalOnly, OutputKind output, bool location, Expr * e)
 {
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ void processExpr(EvalState & state, const Strings & attrPaths,
                 else {
                     Path rootName = gcRoot;
                     if (++rootNr > 1) rootName += "-" + std::to_string(rootNr);
-                    drvPath = addPermRoot(*store, drvPath, rootName, indirectRoot);
+                    drvPath = addPermRoot(store, drvPath, rootName, indirectRoot);
                 }
                 std::cout << format("%1%%2%\n") % drvPath % (outputName != "out" ? "!" + outputName : "");
             }
@@ -158,9 +157,9 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
         if (evalOnly && !wantsReadWrite)
             settings.readOnlyMode = true;
 
-        store = openStore();
+        auto store = openStore();
 
-        EvalState state(searchPath);
+        EvalState state(searchPath, store);
         state.repair = repair;
 
         Bindings & autoArgs(*evalAutoArgs(state, autoArgs_));
@@ -178,7 +177,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
 
         if (readStdin) {
             Expr * e = parseStdin(state);
-            processExpr(state, attrPaths, parseOnly, strict, autoArgs,
+            processExpr(store, state, attrPaths, parseOnly, strict, autoArgs,
                 evalOnly, outputKind, xmlOutputSourceLocation, e);
         } else if (files.empty() && !fromArgs)
             files.push_back("./default.nix");
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
             Expr * e = fromArgs
                 ? state.parseExprFromString(i, absPath("."))
                 : state.parseExprFromFile(resolveExprPath(lookupFileArg(state, i)));
-            processExpr(state, attrPaths, parseOnly, strict, autoArgs,
+            processExpr(store, state, attrPaths, parseOnly, strict, autoArgs,
                 evalOnly, outputKind, xmlOutputSourceLocation, e);
         }
 
diff --git a/src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc b/src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc
index 73a2845e..c0c05a60 100644
--- a/src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc
+++ b/src/nix-prefetch-url/nix-prefetch-url.cc
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ int main(int argc, char * * argv)
         if (args.size() > 2)
             throw UsageError("too many arguments");
 
-        store = openStore();
-        EvalState state(searchPath);
+        auto store = openStore();
+        EvalState state(searchPath, store);
 
         Bindings & autoArgs(*evalAutoArgs(state, autoArgs_));
 
diff --git a/src/nix-store/dotgraph.cc b/src/nix-store/dotgraph.cc
index af4cd48e..326c668e 100644
--- a/src/nix-store/dotgraph.cc
+++ b/src/nix-store/dotgraph.cc
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ void printClosure(const Path & nePath, const StoreExpr & fs)
 #endif
 
 
-void printDotGraph(const PathSet & roots)
+void printDotGraph(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & roots)
 {
     PathSet workList(roots);
     PathSet doneSet;
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ void printDotGraph(const PathSet & roots)
         cout << makeNode(path, symbolicName(path), "#ff0000");
 
         PathSet references;
-        store->queryReferences(path, references);
+        store.queryReferences(path, references);
 
         for (PathSet::iterator i = references.begin();
              i != references.end(); ++i)
diff --git a/src/nix-store/dotgraph.hh b/src/nix-store/dotgraph.hh
index 68410d84..d3b37642 100644
--- a/src/nix-store/dotgraph.hh
+++ b/src/nix-store/dotgraph.hh
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 namespace nix {
 
-void printDotGraph(const PathSet & roots);
+class StoreAPI;
+
+void printDotGraph(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & roots);
 
 }
diff --git a/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc b/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc
index df6afd97..d5242492 100644
--- a/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc
+++ b/src/nix-store/nix-store.cc
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-#include "globals.hh"
-#include "misc.hh"
 #include "archive.hh"
-#include "shared.hh"
+#include "derivations.hh"
 #include "dotgraph.hh"
-#include "xmlgraph.hh"
+#include "globals.hh"
 #include "local-store.hh"
-#include "util.hh"
-#include "serve-protocol.hh"
-#include "worker-protocol.hh"
 #include "monitor-fd.hh"
+#include "serve-protocol.hh"
+#include "shared.hh"
+#include "util.hh"
+#include "worker-protocol.hh"
+#include "xmlgraph.hh"
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ static Path gcRoot;
 static int rootNr = 0;
 static bool indirectRoot = false;
 static bool noOutput = false;
+static std::shared_ptr<StoreAPI> store;
 
 
 LocalStore & ensureLocalStore()
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ static PathSet realisePath(Path path, bool build = true)
 
     if (isDerivation(p.first)) {
         if (build) store->buildPaths(singleton<PathSet>(path));
-        Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(*store, p.first);
+        Derivation drv = store->derivationFromPath(p.first);
         rootNr++;
 
         if (p.second.empty())
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ static PathSet realisePath(Path path, bool build = true)
                 Path rootName = gcRoot;
                 if (rootNr > 1) rootName += "-" + std::to_string(rootNr);
                 if (i->first != "out") rootName += "-" + i->first;
-                outPath = addPermRoot(*store, outPath, rootName, indirectRoot);
+                outPath = addPermRoot(ref<StoreAPI>(store), outPath, rootName, indirectRoot);
             }
             outputs.insert(outPath);
         }
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ static PathSet realisePath(Path path, bool build = true)
             Path rootName = gcRoot;
             rootNr++;
             if (rootNr > 1) rootName += "-" + std::to_string(rootNr);
-            path = addPermRoot(*store, path, rootName, indirectRoot);
+            path = addPermRoot(ref<StoreAPI>(store), path, rootName, indirectRoot);
         }
         return singleton<PathSet>(path);
     }
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ static void opRealise(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 
     unsigned long long downloadSize, narSize;
     PathSet willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown;
-    queryMissing(*store, PathSet(paths.begin(), paths.end()),
+    store->queryMissing(PathSet(paths.begin(), paths.end()),
         willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
 
     if (ignoreUnknown) {
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ static void opRealise(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
     }
 
     if (settings.get("print-missing", true))
-        printMissing(*store, willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
+        printMissing(ref<StoreAPI>(store), willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
 
     if (dryRun) return;
 
@@ -216,7 +217,7 @@ static PathSet maybeUseOutputs(const Path & storePath, bool useOutput, bool forc
 {
     if (forceRealise) realisePath(storePath);
     if (useOutput && isDerivation(storePath)) {
-        Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(*store, storePath);
+        Derivation drv = store->derivationFromPath(storePath);
         PathSet outputs;
         for (auto & i : drv.outputs)
             outputs.insert(i.second.path);
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@ static void printTree(const Path & path,
        closure(B).  That is, if derivation A is an (possibly indirect)
        input of B, then A is printed first.  This has the effect of
        flattening the tree, preventing deeply nested structures.  */
-    Paths sorted = topoSortPaths(*store, references);
+    Paths sorted = store->topoSortPaths(references);
     reverse(sorted.begin(), sorted.end());
 
     for (auto i = sorted.begin(); i != sorted.end(); ++i) {
@@ -318,7 +319,7 @@ static void opQuery(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             for (auto & i : opArgs) {
                 i = followLinksToStorePath(i);
                 if (forceRealise) realisePath(i);
-                Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(*store, i);
+                Derivation drv = store->derivationFromPath(i);
                 for (auto & j : drv.outputs)
                     cout << format("%1%\n") % j.second.path;
             }
@@ -333,13 +334,13 @@ static void opQuery(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             for (auto & i : opArgs) {
                 PathSet ps = maybeUseOutputs(followLinksToStorePath(i), useOutput, forceRealise);
                 for (auto & j : ps) {
-                    if (query == qRequisites) computeFSClosure(*store, j, paths, false, includeOutputs);
+                    if (query == qRequisites) store->computeFSClosure(j, paths, false, includeOutputs);
                     else if (query == qReferences) store->queryReferences(j, paths);
                     else if (query == qReferrers) store->queryReferrers(j, paths);
-                    else if (query == qReferrersClosure) computeFSClosure(*store, j, paths, true);
+                    else if (query == qReferrersClosure) store->computeFSClosure(j, paths, true);
                 }
             }
-            Paths sorted = topoSortPaths(*store, paths);
+            Paths sorted = store->topoSortPaths(paths);
             for (Paths::reverse_iterator i = sorted.rbegin();
                  i != sorted.rend(); ++i)
                 cout << format("%s\n") % *i;
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ static void opQuery(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
         case qBinding:
             for (auto & i : opArgs) {
                 Path path = useDeriver(followLinksToStorePath(i));
-                Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(*store, path);
+                Derivation drv = store->derivationFromPath(path);
                 StringPairs::iterator j = drv.env.find(bindingName);
                 if (j == drv.env.end())
                     throw Error(format("derivation ‘%1%’ has no environment binding named ‘%2%’")
@@ -394,7 +395,7 @@ static void opQuery(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                 PathSet paths = maybeUseOutputs(followLinksToStorePath(i), useOutput, forceRealise);
                 roots.insert(paths.begin(), paths.end());
             }
-            printDotGraph(roots);
+            printDotGraph(*store, roots);
             break;
         }
 
@@ -404,7 +405,7 @@ static void opQuery(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                 PathSet paths = maybeUseOutputs(followLinksToStorePath(i), useOutput, forceRealise);
                 roots.insert(paths.begin(), paths.end());
             }
-            printXmlGraph(roots);
+            printXmlGraph(*store, roots);
             break;
         }
 
@@ -419,7 +420,7 @@ static void opQuery(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
             for (auto & i : opArgs) {
                 PathSet paths = maybeUseOutputs(followLinksToStorePath(i), useOutput, forceRealise);
                 for (auto & j : paths)
-                    computeFSClosure(*store, j, referrers, true,
+                    store->computeFSClosure(j, referrers, true,
                         settings.gcKeepOutputs, settings.gcKeepDerivations);
             }
             Roots roots = store->findRoots();
@@ -450,7 +451,7 @@ static void opPrintEnv(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
     if (opArgs.size() != 1) throw UsageError("‘--print-env’ requires one derivation store path");
 
     Path drvPath = opArgs.front();
-    Derivation drv = derivationFromPath(*store, drvPath);
+    Derivation drv = store->derivationFromPath(drvPath);
 
     /* Print each environment variable in the derivation in a format
        that can be sourced by the shell. */
@@ -715,9 +716,9 @@ static void opExport(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
         else throw UsageError(format("unknown flag ‘%1%’") % i);
 
     FdSink sink(STDOUT_FILENO);
-    Paths sorted = topoSortPaths(*store, PathSet(opArgs.begin(), opArgs.end()));
+    Paths sorted = store->topoSortPaths(PathSet(opArgs.begin(), opArgs.end()));
     reverse(sorted.begin(), sorted.end());
-    exportPaths(*store, sorted, sign, sink);
+    store->exportPaths(sorted, sign, sink);
 }
 
 
@@ -896,7 +897,7 @@ static void opServe(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                         if (!isDerivation(path)) paths2.insert(path);
                     unsigned long long downloadSize, narSize;
                     PathSet willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown;
-                    queryMissing(*store, PathSet(paths2.begin(), paths2.end()),
+                    store->queryMissing(PathSet(paths2.begin(), paths2.end()),
                         willBuild, willSubstitute, unknown, downloadSize, narSize);
                     /* FIXME: should use ensurePath(), but it only
                        does one path at a time. */
@@ -941,9 +942,9 @@ static void opServe(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
 
             case cmdExportPaths: {
                 bool sign = readInt(in);
-                Paths sorted = topoSortPaths(*store, readStorePaths<PathSet>(in));
+                Paths sorted = store->topoSortPaths(readStorePaths<PathSet>(in));
                 reverse(sorted.begin(), sorted.end());
-                exportPaths(*store, sorted, sign, out);
+                store->exportPaths(sorted, sign, out);
                 break;
             }
 
@@ -988,7 +989,7 @@ static void opServe(Strings opFlags, Strings opArgs)
                 PathSet paths = readStorePaths<PathSet>(in);
                 PathSet closure;
                 for (auto & i : paths)
-                    computeFSClosure(*store, i, closure, false, includeOutputs);
+                    store->computeFSClosure(i, closure, false, includeOutputs);
                 out << closure;
                 break;
             }
diff --git a/src/nix-store/xmlgraph.cc b/src/nix-store/xmlgraph.cc
index 98ab9e62..f88266bb 100644
--- a/src/nix-store/xmlgraph.cc
+++ b/src/nix-store/xmlgraph.cc
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ static string makeNode(const string & id)
 }
 
 
-void printXmlGraph(const PathSet & roots)
+void printXmlGraph(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & roots)
 {
     PathSet workList(roots);
     PathSet doneSet;
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void printXmlGraph(const PathSet & roots)
         cout << makeNode(path);
 
         PathSet references;
-        store->queryReferences(path, references);
+        store.queryReferences(path, references);
 
         for (PathSet::iterator i = references.begin();
              i != references.end(); ++i)
diff --git a/src/nix-store/xmlgraph.hh b/src/nix-store/xmlgraph.hh
index c2216c5a..6d6d12a0 100644
--- a/src/nix-store/xmlgraph.hh
+++ b/src/nix-store/xmlgraph.hh
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
 
 namespace nix {
 
-void printXmlGraph(const PathSet & roots);
+class StoreAPI;
+
+void printXmlGraph(StoreAPI & store, const PathSet & roots);
 
 }