deduplicate installation instructions (#9507)
* deduplicate installation instructions - reorder sections to present pinned installation more prominently - remove outdated notes on the macOS installer rework - update instructions to handle the installer tarball Co-authored-by: Travis A. Everett <travis.a.everett@gmail.com>
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Valentin Gagarin
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# Installing a Binary Distribution
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The easiest way to install Nix is to run the following command:
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To install the latest version Nix, run the following command:
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```console
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$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh
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```
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This will run the installer interactively (causing it to explain what
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it is doing more explicitly), and perform the default "type" of install
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for your platform:
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- single-user on Linux
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- multi-user on macOS
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This performs the default type of installation for your platform:
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> **Notes on read-only filesystem root in macOS 10.15 Catalina +**
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>
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> - It took some time to support this cleanly. You may see posts,
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> examples, and tutorials using obsolete workarounds.
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> - Supporting it cleanly made macOS installs too complex to qualify
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> as single-user, so this type is no longer supported on macOS.
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- [Multi-user](#multi-user-installation):
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- Linux with systemd and without SELinux
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- macOS
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- [Single-user](#single-user-installation):
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- Linux without systemd
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- Linux with SELinux
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We recommend the multi-user install if it supports your platform and
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you can authenticate with `sudo`.
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We recommend the multi-user installation if it supports your platform and you can authenticate with `sudo`.
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The installer can configured with various command line arguments and environment variables.
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To show available command line flags:
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```console
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$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --help
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```
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To check what it does and how it can be customised further, [download and edit the second-stage installation script](#installing-from-a-binary-tarball).
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# Installing a pinned Nix version from a URL
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Version-specific installation URLs for all Nix versions since 1.11.16 can be found at [releases.nixos.org](https://releases.nixos.org/?prefix=nix/).
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The directory for each version contains the corresponding SHA-256 hash.
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All installation scripts are invoked the same way:
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```console
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$ export VERSION=2.19.2
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$ curl -L https://releases.nixos.org/nix/nix-$VERSION/install | sh
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```
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# Multi User Installation
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The multi-user Nix installation creates system users and a system service for the Nix daemon.
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Supported systems:
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- Linux running systemd, with SELinux disabled
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- macOS
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To explicitly instruct the installer to perform a multi-user installation on your system:
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```console
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$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --daemon
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```
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You can run this under your usual user account or `root`.
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The script will invoke `sudo` as needed.
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# Single User Installation
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@ -30,60 +64,48 @@ To explicitly select a single-user installation on your system:
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$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --no-daemon
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```
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This will perform a single-user installation of Nix, meaning that `/nix`
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is owned by the invoking user. You can run this under your usual user
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account or root. The script will invoke `sudo` to create `/nix`
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if it doesn’t already exist. If you don’t have `sudo`, you should
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manually create `/nix` first as root, e.g.:
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In a single-user installation, `/nix` is owned by the invoking user.
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The script will invoke `sudo` to create `/nix` if it doesn’t already exist.
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If you don’t have `sudo`, manually create `/nix` as `root`:
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```console
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$ mkdir /nix
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$ chown alice /nix
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$ su root
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# mkdir /nix
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# chown alice /nix
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```
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The install script will modify the first writable file from amongst
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`.bash_profile`, `.bash_login` and `.profile` to source
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`~/.nix-profile/etc/profile.d/nix.sh`. You can set the
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`NIX_INSTALLER_NO_MODIFY_PROFILE` environment variable before executing
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the install script to disable this behaviour.
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# Installing from a binary tarball
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# Multi User Installation
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You can also download a binary tarball that contains Nix and all its dependencies:
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- Choose a [version](https://releases.nixos.org/?prefix=nix/) and [system type](../contributing/hacking.md#platforms)
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- Download and unpack the tarball
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- Run the installer
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The multi-user Nix installation creates system users, and a system
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service for the Nix daemon.
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**Supported Systems**
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- Linux running systemd, with SELinux disabled
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- macOS
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You can instruct the installer to perform a multi-user installation on
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your system:
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```console
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$ curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install | sh -s -- --daemon
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```
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The multi-user installation of Nix will create build users between the
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user IDs 30001 and 30032, and a group with the group ID 30000. You
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can run this under your usual user account or root. The script
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will invoke `sudo` as needed.
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> **Note**
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> **Example**
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>
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> If you need Nix to use a different group ID or user ID set, you will
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> have to download the tarball manually and [edit the install
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> script](#installing-from-a-binary-tarball).
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> ```console
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> $ pushd $(mktemp -d)
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> $ export VERSION=2.19.2
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> $ export SYSTEM=x86_64-linux
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> $ curl -LO https://releases.nixos.org/nix/nix-$VERSION/nix-$VERSION-$SYSTEM.tar.xz
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> $ tar xfj nix-$VERSION-$SYSTEM.tar.xz
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> $ cd nix-$VERSION-$SYSTEM
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> $ ./install
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> $ popd
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> ```
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The installer will modify `/etc/bashrc`, and `/etc/zshrc` if they exist.
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The installer will first back up these files with a `.backup-before-nix`
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extension. The installer will also create `/etc/profile.d/nix.sh`.
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The installer can be customised with the environment variables declared in the file named `install-multi-user`.
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## Native packages for Linux distributions
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The Nix community maintains installers for some Linux distributions in their native packaging format(https://nix-community.github.io/nix-installers/).
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# macOS Installation
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<!-- anchors to catch existing links -->
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[]{#sect-macos-installation-change-store-prefix}[]{#sect-macos-installation-encrypted-volume}[]{#sect-macos-installation-symlink}[]{#sect-macos-installation-recommended-notes}
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<!-- Note: anchors above to catch permalinks to old explanations -->
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We believe we have ironed out how to cleanly support the read-only root
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We believe we have ironed out how to cleanly support the read-only root file system
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on modern macOS. New installs will do this automatically.
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This section previously detailed the situation, options, and trade-offs,
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@ -126,33 +148,3 @@ this to run the installer, but it may help if you run into trouble:
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boot process to avoid problems loading or restoring any programs that
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need access to your Nix store
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# Installing a pinned Nix version from a URL
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Version-specific installation URLs for all Nix versions
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since 1.11.16 can be found at [releases.nixos.org](https://releases.nixos.org/?prefix=nix/).
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The corresponding SHA-256 hash can be found in the directory for the given version.
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These install scripts can be used the same as usual:
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```console
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$ curl -L https://releases.nixos.org/nix/nix-<version>/install | sh
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```
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# Installing from a binary tarball
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You can also download a binary tarball that contains Nix and all its
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dependencies. (This is what the install script at
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<https://nixos.org/nix/install> does automatically.) You should unpack
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it somewhere (e.g. in `/tmp`), and then run the script named `install`
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inside the binary tarball:
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```console
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$ cd /tmp
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$ tar xfj nix-1.8-x86_64-darwin.tar.bz2
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$ cd nix-1.8-x86_64-darwin
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$ ./install
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```
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If you need to edit the multi-user installation script to use different
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group ID or a different user ID range, modify the variables set in the
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file named `install-multi-user`.
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@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ For more in-depth information you are kindly referred to subsequent chapters.
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```
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The install script will use `sudo`, so make sure you have sufficient rights.
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On Linux, `--daemon` can be omitted for a single-user install.
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For other installation methods, see the detailed [installation instructions](installation/index.md).
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