a6e87e90ed
This splits the JSON output mode into different modes: json and json-pretty. The former printing one entry per line, the latter showing JSON objects nicely indented and in multiple lines to make it easier to read for humans.
448 lines
22 KiB
XML
448 lines
22 KiB
XML
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
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<!--
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This file is part of systemd.
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Copyright 2012 Lennart Poettering
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systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
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(at your option) any later version.
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systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
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Lesser General Public License for more details.
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You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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-->
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<refentry id="journalctl">
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>journalctl</title>
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<productname>systemd</productname>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<contrib>Developer</contrib>
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<firstname>Lennart</firstname>
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<surname>Poettering</surname>
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<email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>journalctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>Query the systemd journal</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>journalctl <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">OPTIONS</arg> <arg choice="opt" rep="repeat">MATCHES</arg></command>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Description</title>
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<para><command>journalctl</command> may be used to
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query the contents of the
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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journal as written by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
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<para>If called without parameter will show the full
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contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
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entry collected.</para>
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<para>If one or more match arguments are passed the
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output is filtered accordingly. A match is in the
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format <literal>FIELD=VALUE</literal>,
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e.g. <literal>_SYSTEMD_UNIT=httpd.service</literal>,
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referring to the components of a structured journal
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entry. See
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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for a list of well-known fields. If multiple matches
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are specified matching different fields the log
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entries are filtered by both, i.e. the resulting output
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will show only entries matching all the specified
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matches of this kind. If two matches apply to the same
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field, then they are automatically matched as
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alternatives, i.e. the resulting output will show
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entries matching any of the specified matches for the
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same field. Finally, if the character
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"<literal>+</literal>" appears as separate word on the
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command line all matches before and after are combined
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in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).</para>
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<para>As shortcuts for a few types of field/value
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matches file paths may be specified. If a file path
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refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an
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<literal>_EXE=</literal> match for the canonicalized
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binary path. Similar, if a path refers to a device
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node, this is equivalent to a
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<literal>_KERNEL_DEVICE=</literal> match for the
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device.</para>
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<para>Output is interleaved from all accessible
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journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
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being written, and regardless whether they belong to the
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system itself or are accessible user journals.</para>
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<para>All users are granted access to their private
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per-user journals. However, by default only root and
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users who are members of the <literal>adm</literal>
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group get access to the system journal and the
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journals of other users.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>The following options are understood:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<term><option>-h</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Prints a short help
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text and exits.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--version</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Prints a short version
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string and exits.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Do not pipe output into a
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pager.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--all</option></term>
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<term><option>-a</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all fields in
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full, even if they include unprintable
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characters or are very
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long.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--follow</option></term>
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<term><option>-f</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show only most recent
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journal entries, and continuously print
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new entries as they are appended to
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the journal.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
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<term><option>-n</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the number of
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journal lines to show, counting from
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the most recent ones. Takes a positive
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integer argument. In follow mode
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defaults to 10, otherwise is unset
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thus not limiting how many lines are
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shown.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-tail</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show all stored output
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lines, even in follow mode. Undoes the
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effect of
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<option>--lines=</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--output=</option></term>
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<term><option>-o</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Controls the
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formatting of the journal entries that
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are shown. Takes one of
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<literal>short</literal>,
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<literal>short-monotonic</literal>,
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<literal>verbose</literal>,
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<literal>export</literal>,
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<literal>json</literal>,
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<literal>json-pretty</literal>,
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<literal>cat</literal>. <literal>short</literal>
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is the default and generates an output
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that is mostly identical to the
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formatting of classic syslog log
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files, showing one line per journal
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entry. <literal>short-monotonic</literal>
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is very similar but shows monotonic
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timestamps instead of wallclock
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timestamps. <literal>verbose</literal>
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shows the full structured entry items
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with all
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fields. <literal>export</literal>
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serializes the journal into a binary
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(but mostly text-based) stream
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suitable for backups and network
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transfer (see <ulink
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url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/export">Journal
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Export Format</ulink> for more
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information). <literal>json</literal>
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formats entries as JSON data
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structures, one per
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line. <literal>json-pretty</literal>
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also formats entries as JSON data
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structures, but formats them in
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multiple lines in order to make them
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more readable for
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humans. <literal>cat</literal>
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generates a very terse output only
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showing the actual message of each
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journal entry with no meta data, not
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even a timestamp.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--quiet</option></term>
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<term><option>-q</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Suppresses any warning
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message regarding inaccessible system
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journals when run as normal
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user.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--local</option></term>
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<term><option>-l</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show only locally
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generated messages.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--this-boot</option></term>
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<term><option>-b</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Show data only from
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current boot.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--directory=</option></term>
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<term><option>-D</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Takes an absolute
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directory path as argument. If
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specified will operate on the
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specified journal directory instead of
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the default runtime and system journal
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paths.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-p</option></term>
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<term><option>--priority=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Filter output by
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message priorities or priority
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ranges. Takes either a single numeric
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or textual log level (i.e. between
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0/<literal>emerg</literal> and
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7/<literal>debug</literal>), or a
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range of numeric/text log levels in
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the form FROM..TO. The log levels are
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the usual syslog log levels as
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documented in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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i.e. <literal>emerg</literal> (0),
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<literal>alert</literal> (1),
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<literal>crit</literal> (2),
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<literal>err</literal> (3),
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<literal>warning</literal> (4),
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<literal>notice</literal> (5),
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<literal>info</literal> (6),
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<literal>debug</literal> (7). If a
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single log level is specified all
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messages with this log levels or a
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lower (hence more important) log level
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are shown. If a range is specified all
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messages within the range are shown,
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including both the start and the end
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value of the range.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--new-id128</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Instead of showing
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journal contents generate a new 128
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bit ID suitable for identifying
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messages. This is intended for usage
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by developers who need a new
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identifier for a new message they
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introduce and want to make
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recognizable. Will print the new ID in
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three different formats which can be
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copied into source code or
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similar.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--header</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Instead of showing
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journal contents show internal header
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information of the journal fiels
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accessed.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--setup-keys</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Instead of showing
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journal contents generate a new key
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pair for Forward Secure Sealing
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(FSS). This will generate a sealing
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key and a verification key. The
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sealing key is stored in the journal
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data directory and shall remain on the
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host. The verification key should be
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stored externally.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--interval=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies the change
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interval for the sealing key, when
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generating an FSS key pair with
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<option>--setup-keys</option>. Shorter
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intervals increase CPU consumption but
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shorten the time range of
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undetectable journal
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alterations. Defaults to
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15min.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--verify</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Check the journal file
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for internal consistency. If the
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file has been generated with FSS
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enabled, and the FSS verification key
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has been specified with
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<option>--verify-key=</option>
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authenticity of the journal file is
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verified.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--verify-key=</option></term>
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<listitem><para>Specifies the FSS
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verification key to use for the
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<option>--verify</option>
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operation.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Exit status</title>
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<para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
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code otherwise.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Environment</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
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<listitem><para>Pager to use when
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<option>--no-pager</option> is not given;
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overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting
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this to an empty string or the value
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<literal>cat</literal> is equivalent to passing
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<option>--no-pager</option>.</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Examples</title>
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<para>Without arguments all collected logs are shown
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unfiltered:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl</programlisting>
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<para>With one match specified all entries with a field matching the expression are shown:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service</programlisting>
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<para>If two different fields are matched only entries matching both expressions at the same time are shown:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097</programlisting>
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<para>If two matches refer to the same field all entries matching either expression are shown:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
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<para>If the separator "<literal>+</literal>" is used
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two expression may be combined in a logical OR. The
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following will show all messages from the Avahi
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service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages
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from the D-Bus service (from any of its
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processes):</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service</programlisting>
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<para>Show all logs generated by the D-Bus executable:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon</programlisting>
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<para>Show all logs of the kernel device node <filename>/dev/sda</filename>:</para>
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<programlisting>journalctl /dev/sda</programlisting>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>See Also</title>
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<para>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-journald.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.journal-fields</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journald.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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